extra extra attention Flashcards
pitting edema can be caused by what?
increased venous pressure, CHF, renal hyper, electrolyte embalance
pressure is greatest where?
at the heart
what is an endarterectomy?
surgical removal of intraluminal atherosclerotic material
a ____ if often used to close the arteriotomy
patch
all of the following are considered types of plethysmogrpahy except? volume air displacement photo pressure
pressure
volume/air/true plethysmography mean the same things?
true
air cuffs are placed to obtain pleythsmography waveforms. they detect what type of changes?
true, volume changes. by the air being displaced by the arteries under it.
photopleth detects what?
cutaneous blood flow and records pulsations
fistulas closer to the heart are likely to cause?
heart failure due to increased blood volume coming back to the heart
what does increased acceleration indicate?
prox disease
where is the most common site for AV stenosis?
venous anastomosis and outflow vein
_____ is the mechanical widening of narrowed obstructed arteries by means of a balloon cath
angioplasty
what is the difference between a angioplasty and an endarterctomy?
angioplasty: dilates vessel ( widens vessel with balloon cath most often a stent is placed as well)
endarterctomy: surgical removal of atherosclerotic material
when is RAR not accurate?
presence of AO aneurysm or when AO peak systolic velocities are <40 or >90-100
incompetent valves in what perferator will most likely development a venous stasis ulcer
perforators of the posterior accessory great saphenous vein… aka the posterior arch vein
an ulcer caused by ______ will usually be deeper, more regular shape, often on the lateral malleolus
arterial insufficiency
where does the radial artery terminate in the hand?
deep palmar arch
where does the ulnar artery terminate in the hand?
superficial palmar arch
the _____ artery is the predominant source of blood flow to the hand?
ulnar
what are the drawbacks of analog recordings?
noise, less sensitivity, underestimate high velocities and over estimate low velocities
T/F analog recodings underestimate low recordings?
no over estimate
T/F analog tends to overestimate high frequencies
false under
NASCET says with a >=70% diameter reduction of the ICA what is the ratio that the NASCET uses?
> =4.0 ICA/CCA
pt comes in for DVT if they complain about 4 day history of redness and warmth what will most likely be the cause?
cellulitis
T/F MRA tends to under estimate disease processes?
false over estimate
Rt facial numbness and behavioral changes are related to what?
left MCA
T/F decreased arterial resistance is seen with rejection of renal transplant
false. increase resistance is seen with rejection
T/F native artery stenosis or occlusion is rarely found in upper extremity studies
true
in addition to atherosclerosis another cause of significant stenosis of the main renal arty is?
FMD fibromuscular dysplasia
a patient with thrombogangitis obl is most likely to have inflimation of what arterial wall layer/s?
all 3 layers
one cause of right hemispherica infarction is?
rt ICA occlusion
based on the society of radiologists in ultrasound consensus conference what is the criterion for a 70-99% diameter reduction?
PSV>230.EDV>100 and or ICA/CCA ration of 4.0
when blood flow is reduced to the kidney the kidney usually produces what?
renin
an acceleration time of 140msec at the CFA suggests what?
inflow disease AT >=133 is abnormal in CFV
pulsatility index of _____ at the CFV is considered normal
> 5.5
which method is most often used to measure toe pressure
photoplethysmography ppg
in regarding interpretation of plethysmographic waveforms the severity of the disease is generally ?
over or underestimated
underest
T/F the peroneal artery is palpable?
false
T/F the Posterior tibial artery is palpable
True
T/f the dorsalis pedis is a palpable pulse
t
t/f with modified allen test you use a digital photoplethysmographic tracing
true
t/f commonly used high level disinfectants are glutaraldehyde
t aka cidex
t/fendotheial damage is part of virchows triad?
true
another way of saying endothial damage?
trauma to the vessel
venous sinuses serve as what?
temporary reservoirs
when performing an ablation in the GSV what is an important landmark to properly positioning the laser sheath?
superficial epigastric as it joins the GSV image on page 345
increased acceleration time is evident in the right proximal common carotid artery what does this suggest?
diameter reduction of the innominate artery
what percent of blood in the common carotid artery flows into the iCA?
70-80%
when evaluating the IJV you see the vein fully coapts, has continuous flow and exhibits rouleau formation. what are these findings consistent with?
a. wnl
b. proximal obstruction
c. most consistent with congestive heart failure
c.
what is transmuscent anesthesia? What does it do and when is it used?
protects the perivascular tissue from thermal effects. the engorged tissue helps to compress the treated vessel to allow for better absorption to prevent skin burning and necrosis.
Livedo reticularis is what?
purple patches ( similar to brusing) on the skin of the dorsum of the foot usually results from dialated capillary and venule filling not arterial obstruction
penile peak systolic velocities increase after injection what is normal?
> 30cm/sec
penile post injection, the deep dorsal venous flow should what? what is normal?
should not increase, <3cm/sec
hypothenar hammer syndrome is what?
ulnar arterial aneurysm forms in response to using the palm of the had as a hammer
what vessel is used for a cerebral angiography procedure?
common femoral
what is normal reactive hyperemia?
17-34%
with reactive hyperemia <50% drop suggests what?
single level
with reactive hyperemia>50% drop suggests
multilevel
for capillary filling normal skin color should return immediately upon release of pressure. a increase in capillary refill time of _____ seconds denotes arterial perfusion
3 seconds
