venipuncture

Question 1

bolus injection

Answer 1

rapid introduction of contrast agent into the vascular system

Question 2

the rate of the bolus injection is controlled by what

Answer 2

gauge of needle 
amount of contrast
viscosity
stability of vein
force applied

Question 3

drip infusion

Answer 3

permits a larger amount of contrast agent to be introduced over a longer period of time

Question 4

what are the best defenses against exposure to bloodborne pathogens

Answer 4

know your pathogens
hand washing
gloves
goggles
gowns
mask 
immunizations

Question 5

what is the most important precaution but most often ignored

Answer 5

hand washing

Question 6

types of needles

Answer 6

angiocath, retractable, butterfly

Question 7

immediately following exposure to blood you should:

Answer 7

wash needle sticks and cuts with soap and water
flush splashes to nose, mouth or skin
irrigate eyes with clean water, saline or sterile irrigants

Question 8

who should you report an exposure to

Answer 8

the department responsible for managing exposures

Question 9

what are 3 common blood borne pathogens

Answer 9

HIV
hepatitis B
hepatitis C

Question 10

the average risk of HIV after a needlestick or cut exposure is

Answer 10

0.3% or 1 in 300

Question 11

how long is the life span in a spill of HIV

Answer 11

20 minute life span

Question 12

how long is the life span in a spill of hepatitis B

Answer 12

7 days

Question 13

T or F

hep B can be treated with chemo

Answer 13

true

Question 14

what is the most common treatment for hep C

Answer 14

the oral medication called ribavirin and weekly injections of interferon

Question 15

assesment of the pt. includes

Answer 15

hx of allergies 
latex/tape allergy 
current meds
diabetes 
previous surgeries
weight
BUN/creatinine levels

Question 16

BUN average

Answer 16

7-20

Question 17

creatinine average

Answer 17

.7-1.2

Question 18

beta blockers

Answer 18

used to treat hypertension

pts. who take these are at increased risk for anaphylactic reactions

Question 19

metformin/glucophage

Answer 19

used to treat non insulin dependent diabetes

should be discontinued 48 hrs before and after use of contrast media

Question 20

pts. have a greater risk of contrast reactions if they have a hx of one of the following conditions

Answer 20

hx of previous adverse reaction 
hx of cardiac impairment 
hx of asthma or allergies 
pt. with generalized severe debilitating conditions 
increased pt. anxiety

Question 21

selecting veins

Answer 21

can use antecubital fossa (ideal for IVU’s)

back of hand

Question 22

t or f

the most visible veins are not always the best choice

Answer 22

true

Question 23

veins most often used

Answer 23

antecubital space
posterior hand
radial aspect of wrist
anterior forearm

Question 24

size of needle most often used

Answer 24

18-22 gauge

ranges from 18-25

Question 25

where do you apply the tourniquet

Answer 25

3-4 inches above the site

Question 26

how to enter the vein

Answer 26

with the bevel up approach the vein at an angle between 20 and 45 degrees advance the needle until a slight pop or release of pressure is sensed then decrease the angle and advance slightly further into the vein

Question 27

pre medication protocol if they’ve had a prior reaction

Answer 27

give a combo of benadryl and prednisone over a period of 12 or more hours before procedure

Question 28

mild reaction

Answer 28

nonallergic reaction

does not require drug intervention or medical assistancce

Question 29

moderate reaction

Answer 29

a true allergic reaction

anaphylactic reaction

Question 30

severe reaction

Answer 30

life threatening reaction

Question 31

tachycardia

Answer 31

fast heartbeat

greater than 100bpm

Question 32

bradycardia

Answer 32

less than 50bpm

Question 33

extravasation

Answer 33

leakage into surrounding tissues