venipuncture Flashcards
bolus injection
rapid introduction of contrast agent into the vascular system
the rate of the bolus injection is controlled by what
gauge of needle amount of contrast viscosity stability of vein force applied
drip infusion
permits a larger amount of contrast agent to be introduced over a longer period of time
what are the best defenses against exposure to bloodborne pathogens
know your pathogens hand washing gloves goggles gowns mask immunizations
what is the most important precaution but most often ignored
hand washing
types of needles
angiocath, retractable, butterfly
immediately following exposure to blood you should:
wash needle sticks and cuts with soap and water
flush splashes to nose, mouth or skin
irrigate eyes with clean water, saline or sterile irrigants
who should you report an exposure to
the department responsible for managing exposures
what are 3 common blood borne pathogens
HIV
hepatitis B
hepatitis C
the average risk of HIV after a needlestick or cut exposure is
0.3% or 1 in 300
how long is the life span in a spill of HIV
20 minute life span
how long is the life span in a spill of hepatitis B
7 days
T or F
hep B can be treated with chemo
true
what is the most common treatment for hep C
the oral medication called ribavirin and weekly injections of interferon
assesment of the pt. includes
hx of allergies latex/tape allergy current meds diabetes previous surgeries weight BUN/creatinine levels
BUN average
7-20
creatinine average
.7-1.2
beta blockers
used to treat hypertension
pts. who take these are at increased risk for anaphylactic reactions
metformin/glucophage
used to treat non insulin dependent diabetes
should be discontinued 48 hrs before and after use of contrast media
pts. have a greater risk of contrast reactions if they have a hx of one of the following conditions
hx of previous adverse reaction hx of cardiac impairment hx of asthma or allergies pt. with generalized severe debilitating conditions increased pt. anxiety
selecting veins
can use antecubital fossa (ideal for IVU’s)
back of hand
t or f
the most visible veins are not always the best choice
true
veins most often used
antecubital space
posterior hand
radial aspect of wrist
anterior forearm
size of needle most often used
18-22 gauge
ranges from 18-25
where do you apply the tourniquet
3-4 inches above the site
how to enter the vein
with the bevel up approach the vein at an angle between 20 and 45 degrees advance the needle until a slight pop or release of pressure is sensed then decrease the angle and advance slightly further into the vein
pre medication protocol if they’ve had a prior reaction
give a combo of benadryl and prednisone over a period of 12 or more hours before procedure
mild reaction
nonallergic reaction
does not require drug intervention or medical assistancce
moderate reaction
a true allergic reaction
anaphylactic reaction
severe reaction
life threatening reaction
tachycardia
fast heartbeat
greater than 100bpm
bradycardia
less than 50bpm
extravasation
leakage into surrounding tissues
