trauma/ mobile Flashcards
trauma centers
signifies a specific level of emergency medical care as defined by the american college of surgeons
level 1 trauma center
the most comprehensive
research facility
all types of specialty physicians are available 24 hrs a day
level IV trauma center
the most basic
if you are severely injured access to care at a level 1 trauma center lowers your risk of death by
25%
golden hour
the idea that trauma pts. have significantly better survival rates if they reach a level 1 or 2 trauma center within 60 mins of their injury
level 2 trauma center
typically has all of the same specialized care but is not a research or teaching hospital
level 3 trauma center
located in rural/ small communities
does not have full availability of specialists
has transfer agreements with level 1/2 centers
universal guidelines for trauma
speed
accuracy
quality
Principle 1 for trauma radiography
2 projections 90 degrees to one another must be taken
sometimes it could result in 2 oblique views
principle 2 for trauma radiography
include both joints for all long bones on one IR
include entire trauma area
joint rule
for all upper and lower limb f/u exams include a minimum of one joint nearest the site of injury
the big three
trauma c-spine
trauma chest
trauma abdomen
exposure factor considerations
use shortest exposure time to minimize motion
perform what projections first
all laterals working from top to bottom
then AP next moving bottom to top
dislocation/luxation
displacement of a bone from a joing
must demonstrate degree of displacement
subluxation
partial dislocation of a bone from a joint
nursemaids elbow
partial dislocation of the radial head of a child caused by a hard pull on the hand and wrist
also called jerked elbow
sprain
a forced wrenching or twisting of a joint resulting in partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments
contusion
bruising of the bone with a possible avulsion fracture
hip pointer
a football injury involving a contusion of bone at the iliac crest of pelvis
anatomic apposition
anatomic alignment of ends of fractured bone fragments wherein the ends of the bone make end to end contact
lack of apposition (distraction)
the ends of fragments pulled apart and not making contact
bayonet apposition
a fracture wherein the fragments overlap and the shafts, but not the fracture ends make contact
apex angulation
the direction or angle of the apex of the fracture such as medial or lateral apex and it is described in degrees
varus deformity
the distal part of the distal fragments angled toward the midline of the body
valgus deformity
the apex directed toward the midline and distal fragment away from the midline
simple fracture (closed)
a fracture in which the bone does not break through the skin
compound fracture (open)
a fracture in which the bone protrudes through the skin
incomplete (partial) fracture
a fracture in which the line of fracture does not include the entire bone
2 types
2 types of incomplete fractures
- torus
2. greenstick
torus fx
incomplete fracture with a buckle of the cortex
greenstick fx
fracture is on one side only
complete fx
break is complete
broken into 2 pieces
3 major types
3 major types of complete fxs
transverse fx
oblique fx
spiral fx
transverse fx
fracture is transverse at near fight angle to long axis of bone
oblique fx
fracture passes through bone at an oblique angle
spiral fx
bone has twisted apart and the fracture spirals around long axis
comminuted fx
bone is splintered or crushed at site of impacct resulting in 2 or more fragments
3 major types
3 major types of comminuted fxs
segmental
butterfly
splintered
segmental fx
double fracture with 2 fracture lines isolating a distinct segment of bone
butterfly fx
fracture with 2 fragments on each side of a main wedge shaped separate fragment
splintered fx
a comminuted fx where bone is splintered into thin sharp fragments
impacted fx
one fragment is firmly driven into the other
barton’s fracture
a dislocation fracture of the radiocarpal joint
mallet (baseball) fx
fx of the distal phalanx caused by a ball striking the end of an extended finger
bennett fracture
longitudinal fx at base of 1st metacarpal
boxer’s fx
a fx resulting from punching someone or something
involves the distal 5th metacarpal
colles’ fx
a fx of the distal radius
distal fragment is displaced posteriorly
results from falling on an outstretched hand
most common wrist fx
hangman’s fx
fx of the arch of C2 usually accompanied by anterior subluxation of C2 on C3
hutchinson’s fx
chauffer’s fx
an intraarticular fx of the radial styloid process
monteggia’s fx
fx of the proximal 3rd of the ulnar shaft with anterior dislocation of the radial head
pott’s fx
in the ankle
involves both malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint
smith’s fx (reverse colles’)
fx of the distal radius with anterior displacement
avulsion fx
when a fragment of bone is pulled away from the shaft
results from severe stress to tendon or ligament
depressed fx (ping pong)
fx of skull where a fragment is depressed
epiphyseal fx (salter harris classificatinon)
fx is through the epiphyseal plate
most easily fractured sites in long bones of children
pathologic fx
fxs due to disease process within the bone
stellate fx
the fx lines radiate from a central point of injury with a star like pattern
most commonly at the patella
stress fx
result of an abnormal degree repetitive trauma
fatigue (stress) fx
occur at sites of maximal strain on a bone
most frequently found in metatarsals particularly the 2nd
trimalleolar fx
fx involving both the medial and lateral malleoli and the posterior tip of the distal tibia
tuft fx
comminuted fx of the distal phalanx
closed reduction
realigned by manipulation and immobilized by a cast or splint Non surgical
open reduction
severe fxs with significant displacement or fragmentation
surgical procedure is required
