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Positioning SUMMER 2015 > trauma/ mobile > Flashcards

trauma/ mobile Flashcards

1
Q

trauma centers

A

signifies a specific level of emergency medical care as defined by the american college of surgeons

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2
Q

level 1 trauma center

A

the most comprehensive
research facility
all types of specialty physicians are available 24 hrs a day

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3
Q

level IV trauma center

A

the most basic

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4
Q

if you are severely injured access to care at a level 1 trauma center lowers your risk of death by

A

25%

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5
Q

golden hour

A

the idea that trauma pts. have significantly better survival rates if they reach a level 1 or 2 trauma center within 60 mins of their injury

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6
Q

level 2 trauma center

A

typically has all of the same specialized care but is not a research or teaching hospital

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7
Q

level 3 trauma center

A

located in rural/ small communities
does not have full availability of specialists
has transfer agreements with level 1/2 centers

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8
Q

universal guidelines for trauma

A

speed
accuracy
quality

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9
Q

Principle 1 for trauma radiography

A

2 projections 90 degrees to one another must be taken

sometimes it could result in 2 oblique views

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10
Q

principle 2 for trauma radiography

A

include both joints for all long bones on one IR

include entire trauma area

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11
Q

joint rule

A

for all upper and lower limb f/u exams include a minimum of one joint nearest the site of injury

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12
Q

the big three

A

trauma c-spine
trauma chest
trauma abdomen

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13
Q

exposure factor considerations

A

use shortest exposure time to minimize motion

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14
Q

perform what projections first

A

all laterals working from top to bottom

then AP next moving bottom to top

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15
Q

dislocation/luxation

A

displacement of a bone from a joing

must demonstrate degree of displacement

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16
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation of a bone from a joint

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17
Q

nursemaids elbow

A

partial dislocation of the radial head of a child caused by a hard pull on the hand and wrist
also called jerked elbow

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18
Q

sprain

A

a forced wrenching or twisting of a joint resulting in partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments

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19
Q

contusion

A

bruising of the bone with a possible avulsion fracture

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20
Q

hip pointer

A

a football injury involving a contusion of bone at the iliac crest of pelvis

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21
Q

anatomic apposition

A

anatomic alignment of ends of fractured bone fragments wherein the ends of the bone make end to end contact

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22
Q

lack of apposition (distraction)

A

the ends of fragments pulled apart and not making contact

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23
Q

bayonet apposition

A

a fracture wherein the fragments overlap and the shafts, but not the fracture ends make contact

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24
Q

apex angulation

A

the direction or angle of the apex of the fracture such as medial or lateral apex and it is described in degrees

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25
Q

varus deformity

A

the distal part of the distal fragments angled toward the midline of the body

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26
Q

valgus deformity

A

the apex directed toward the midline and distal fragment away from the midline

27
Q

simple fracture (closed)

A

a fracture in which the bone does not break through the skin

28
Q

compound fracture (open)

A

a fracture in which the bone protrudes through the skin

29
Q

incomplete (partial) fracture

A

a fracture in which the line of fracture does not include the entire bone
2 types

30
Q

2 types of incomplete fractures

A
  1. torus

2. greenstick

31
Q

torus fx

A

incomplete fracture with a buckle of the cortex

32
Q

greenstick fx

A

fracture is on one side only

33
Q

complete fx

A

break is complete
broken into 2 pieces
3 major types

34
Q

3 major types of complete fxs

A

transverse fx
oblique fx
spiral fx

35
Q

transverse fx

A

fracture is transverse at near fight angle to long axis of bone

36
Q

oblique fx

A

fracture passes through bone at an oblique angle

37
Q

spiral fx

A

bone has twisted apart and the fracture spirals around long axis

38
Q

comminuted fx

A

bone is splintered or crushed at site of impacct resulting in 2 or more fragments
3 major types

39
Q

3 major types of comminuted fxs

A

segmental
butterfly
splintered

40
Q

segmental fx

A

double fracture with 2 fracture lines isolating a distinct segment of bone

41
Q

butterfly fx

A

fracture with 2 fragments on each side of a main wedge shaped separate fragment

42
Q

splintered fx

A

a comminuted fx where bone is splintered into thin sharp fragments

43
Q

impacted fx

A

one fragment is firmly driven into the other

44
Q

barton’s fracture

A

a dislocation fracture of the radiocarpal joint

45
Q

mallet (baseball) fx

A

fx of the distal phalanx caused by a ball striking the end of an extended finger

46
Q

bennett fracture

A

longitudinal fx at base of 1st metacarpal

47
Q

boxer’s fx

A

a fx resulting from punching someone or something

involves the distal 5th metacarpal

48
Q

colles’ fx

A

a fx of the distal radius
distal fragment is displaced posteriorly
results from falling on an outstretched hand
most common wrist fx

49
Q

hangman’s fx

A

fx of the arch of C2 usually accompanied by anterior subluxation of C2 on C3

50
Q

hutchinson’s fx

chauffer’s fx

A

an intraarticular fx of the radial styloid process

51
Q

monteggia’s fx

A

fx of the proximal 3rd of the ulnar shaft with anterior dislocation of the radial head

52
Q

pott’s fx

A

in the ankle

involves both malleoli with dislocation of the ankle joint

53
Q

smith’s fx (reverse colles’)

A

fx of the distal radius with anterior displacement

54
Q

avulsion fx

A

when a fragment of bone is pulled away from the shaft

results from severe stress to tendon or ligament

55
Q

depressed fx (ping pong)

A

fx of skull where a fragment is depressed

56
Q

epiphyseal fx (salter harris classificatinon)

A

fx is through the epiphyseal plate

most easily fractured sites in long bones of children

57
Q

pathologic fx

A

fxs due to disease process within the bone

58
Q

stellate fx

A

the fx lines radiate from a central point of injury with a star like pattern
most commonly at the patella

59
Q

stress fx

A

result of an abnormal degree repetitive trauma

60
Q

fatigue (stress) fx

A

occur at sites of maximal strain on a bone

most frequently found in metatarsals particularly the 2nd

61
Q

trimalleolar fx

A

fx involving both the medial and lateral malleoli and the posterior tip of the distal tibia

62
Q

tuft fx

A

comminuted fx of the distal phalanx

63
Q

closed reduction

A

realigned by manipulation and immobilized by a cast or splint Non surgical

64
Q

open reduction

A

severe fxs with significant displacement or fragmentation

surgical procedure is required

Positioning SUMMER 2015 (5 decks)

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