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Positioning SUMMER 2015 > frontal bones/ paranasal sinuses > Flashcards

frontal bones/ paranasal sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

4 groups of air containing cavities
lined with mucous membrane
communicate with nasal cavity

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2
Q

paranasal sinuses in the skull

A 
ethmoid bone (many) 
sphenoid bone (1 or 2) 
frontal bone (2)
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3
Q

paranasal sinuses in the facial bones

A

maxillary bone (2)

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4
Q

believed to be functions of paransal sinuses

A 
resonating chamber for voice 
decrease weight of skull 
warm and moisten inhaled air 
shock absorbers in trauma 
possibly control immune system
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5
Q

paranasal sinuses begin to develop in

A

the fetus

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6
Q

only what sinuses are demonstrated radiographically at birth?

A

maxillary sinuses

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7
Q

frontal and sphenoid sinuses are visible radiographically when?

A

at age 6 or 7

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8
Q

ethmoid sinuses fully develop when

A

by late teenage years

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9
Q

maxillary sinuses

A

located in body of each maxillary bone
shaped like a pyramid from front
cube shaped from side
correspond to the roots of the upper molar teeth

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10
Q

T or F

All paranasal sinuses communicate with each other and with the nasal cavity which is divided into two fossae

A

true

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11
Q

what are 2 older terms for your maxillary sinuses

A

antrum

antrum of highmore

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12
Q

all radiographic positioning for for sinuses should be done in the

A

upright position

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13
Q

frontal sinuses

A

located between the inner and outer tables of skull posterior to glabella
two cavities generally separated by a septum but not always
rarely aerated before age 6

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14
Q

t or f frontal sinuses are generally larger in males

A

true

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15
Q

ethmoid sinuses

A

contained within lateral masses of ethmoid

divided into 3 groups

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16
Q

3 groups of ethmoid sinuses

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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17
Q

sphenoid sinuses

A

directly below sella turcica
can be paired or a single cavity
air fluid levels can indicate a basal skull fracture

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18
Q

osteomeatal complex

A

pathways of communication between paranasal sinuses and provide drainage between them

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19
Q

an obstructed osteomeatal complex can lead to

A

sinusitis or infection

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20
Q

osteomeatal complex can be imaged with

A

CT

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21
Q

2 key passageways in the osteomeatal complex

A
  1. infundibulum

2. middle nasal meatus

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22
Q

the maxillary sinuses drain through the ?

to the?

A

infundibulum

middle nasal meatus into inferior nasal meatus

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23
Q

frontal and ethmoid sinuses drain into?

A

ethmoid bulla and then through the middle nasal meatus into inferior nasal meatus

24
Q

frontal sinuses

A

visualized between inner and outer table of skull

25
Q

sphenoid sinuses

A

appear to be continuous with ethmoid sinuses

26
Q

facial bones form several cavities which include

A

oral cavity
nasal cavity
orbits

27
Q

the long axis of the orbit projects superiorly how many degrees

A

30 degrees

28
Q

the long axis of the orbit projects medially how many degrees

A

37 degrees

29
Q

clinical indications of facial bones and paranasal sinuses

A
  1. fractures
  2. foreign body of the eye
  3. neoplasms
  4. osteomyelitis
  5. sinusitis
  6. secondary osteomyelitis
  7. TMJ syndrome
30
Q
  1. fractures

3 types

A

a. tripod fracture
b. LeForte fractures
C. contrcoup fractures

31
Q

a. tripod fractures

A

caused by a blow to the cheek
zygoma will fracture in 3 places
the orbital process, maxillary process, and temporal process
its free floating and unstable

32
Q

b. LeForte fractures

A

severe bilateral horizontal fractures of maxilla

may result in unstable detached fragment

33
Q

c. contrecoup fractures

A

injury/ fracture to the side of a structure caused by an impact on the opposite side

34
Q
  1. foreign body of the eye
A

metal or other types of fragments in the eye

plain images can detect metallic foreign objects

35
Q
  1. neoplasms
A

new and abnormal growth

36
Q
  1. osteomyelitits
A

localized infection of bone/ bone marrow

37
Q
  1. sinusitis
A

infection of the sinus mucosa

can be acute or chronic

38
Q
  1. secondary osteomyelitis
A

infection of bone and marrow secondary to sinusitis

results in erosion of bony margins of sinus

39
Q
  1. TMJ syndrome
A

describes a set of symptoms which may include pain and clicking that indicate dysfunction of the TMJ

40
Q

facial bones routine projections

A

lateral
parietoacanthial (waters method)
PA axial (caldwell method)

41
Q

facial bones special projections

A

modified parietoacanthial (modified waters)

42
Q

nasal bones routine projections

A

lateral

parietoacanthial (waters)

43
Q

nasal bones special projections

A

superoinferior tangential (axial)

44
Q

zygomatic arches routine projections

A 
submentovertex (SMV) 
oblique inferosuperior (tangential) 
AP axial (modified Towne)
45
Q

zygomatic arches special projections

A

parietoacanthial (waters)

Lateral

46
Q

optic foramina routine projections

A 
parietoorbital oblique (Rhese)
parietoacanthial (waters)
47
Q

optic foramina special projections

A

modified parietoacanthial (modified waters)

48
Q

mandible routine projections

A

axiolateral oblique
PA 0 degrees (20-25 degrees cephalad
AP axial (Towne)

49
Q

mandible special projections

A

SMV

orthopantomography (panoramic tomography)

50
Q

TMJ routine projections

A

AP axial (modified towne)

51
Q

TMJ special projections

A

axiolateral 15 degree oblique (modified law)
axiolateral (schuller)
orthopantomography

52
Q

paranasal sinuses routine projections

A

lateral
PA caldwell
parietoacanthial (waters)

53
Q

paranasal sinuses special projections

A 
SMV 
parietoacanthial transoral (open mouth waters)
54
Q

overpenetration of sinuses

A

diminishes or obliterates existing pathologic conditions

easy to miss something

55
Q

underpenetration of sinuses

A

can simulate pathologic conditions that do not exist

Positioning SUMMER 2015 (5 decks)

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