Velocity of climate change Flashcards
Early responses of species to climate change seemed to predict a general poleward response (or upward in mountains and downward in the ocean)
Whats explained the magnitude and direction of shifts in latitude and depth much more effectively?
Pinsky et al., 2013
Climate velocity- the rate and direction that climate shifts across the landscape
Loss of species in marine environments has been slower than in terrestrial systems, but appears to be increasing rapidly.
McCauley et al., 2015
Humans have profoundly decreased the abundance of both large (e.g., whales) and small (e.g., anchovies) marine fauna.
Such declines can generate waves of ecological change that travel both up and down marine food webs and can alter ocean ecosystem functioning.
e.g cod (Ames, 2004)
As temperatures rise what ecosystems are under the most threat?
Loarie et al., 2009
As temperatures rise, ecosystems with ‘nowhere to go’, such as mountains, are considered to be more threatened.
However, species survival may depend as much on keeping pace with moving climates as the climate’s ultimate persistence
Plants and animals have responded to past climate changes by migrating with habitable environments…
Lazarus and McGill, 2014
…sometimes shifting the boundaries of their geographic ranges by tens of kilometers per year or more. Species migrating in response to present climate conditions, however, must contend with landscapes fragmented by anthropogenic disturbance.
What is an ecotone?
What is an ecotonal boundary?
Hobbs et al., 2009
An ecotone is where one biome meets another.
Different biomes have different velocities (can move away from each other).
Ecotonal boundary opens - what happens in between = novel ecosystems
How have humans transformed the terrestrial biosphere?
Ellis, 2011
Human populations and their use of land have transformed most of the terrestrial biosphere into anthropogenic biomes (anthromes), causing a variety of novel ecological patterns and processes to emerge.
All names
Pinsky et al., 2013
McCauley et al., 2015
Loarie et al., 2009
Lazarus and McGill, 2014
Hobbs et al., 2009
Ellis, 2011
Climate velocity- the rate and direction that climate shifts across the landscape
Early responses of species to climate change seemed to predict a general poleward response (or upward in mountains and downward in the ocean)
Whats explained the magnitude and direction of shifts in latitude and depth much more effectively?
Pinsky et al., 2013
Humans have profoundly decreased the abundance of both large (e.g., whales) and small (e.g., anchovies) marine fauna.
Such declines can generate waves of ecological change that travel both up and down marine food webs and can alter ocean ecosystem functioning.
e.g cod (Ames, 2004)
Loss of species in marine environments has been slower than in terrestrial systems, but appears to be increasing rapidly.
McCauley et al., 2015
As temperatures rise, ecosystems with ‘nowhere to go’, such as mountains, are considered to be more threatened.
However, species survival may depend as much on keeping pace with moving climates as the climate’s ultimate persistence
As temperatures rise what ecosystems are under the most threat?
Loarie et al., 2009
…sometimes shifting the boundaries of their geographic ranges by tens of kilometers per year or more. Species migrating in response to present climate conditions, however, must contend with landscapes fragmented by anthropogenic disturbance.
Plants and animals have responded to past climate changes by migrating with habitable environments…
Lazarus and McGill, 2014
An ecotone is where one biome meets another.
Different biomes have different velocities (can move away from each other).
Ecotonal boundary opens - what happens in between = novel ecosystems
What is an ecotone?
What is an ecotonal boundary?
Hobbs et al., 2009
Human populations and their use of land have transformed most of the terrestrial biosphere into anthropogenic biomes (anthromes), causing a variety of novel ecological patterns and processes to emerge.
How have humans transformed the terrestrial biosphere?
Ellis, 2011
