Conservation Flashcards
Define biological conservation
Spellerberg and Hardes, 1992
“Maintain the diversity of living organisms, their habitats and the inter-relationships between organisms and their environment”.
What does the state of the worlds plants report warn?
The report warns that 21% of plants are at risk of extinction, with threats including climate change, habitat loss, disease and invasive species.
How many plants are under the threat of extinction?
How much of the areas of vegetation are very sensitive to climate change?
Seddon et al., 2016
1 in 5
10%
How many animals and plants are protected by CITES?
CITES
5,600 species of animals and 30,000 species of plants are protected by CITES against over-exploitation through international trade
What is in situ conservation?
CBD
1) Maintain genetic variation on site
2) Conservation of species in their natural habitat: natural parks, nature reserves
Case study: National Parks. In situ conservation strategies
Forestry Commission
New forest National Park
Designated Special Area of Conservation (SAC)
Heathlands vs forest
Without grazing and Scots pine clearing, heathlands might revert to woodland
How many specimens are preserved by botanical gardens?
Thiers, 2006
3000 herbaria worldwide preserving almost 350 million specimens
Advantages of Botanic gardens/zoos?
Burke, 2005
Not ideal- in situ conservation wherever possible. Education.
Reputation — botanical gardens are trusted.
Disadvantages of Botanic gardens/zoos?
Miranto, 2005
Genetic problems: Artificial selection, absence of natural evolutionary pressures, inbreeding depression
What is Assisted colonisation (translocation)?
The World Conservation Union (IUCN) 2013
Human-mediated movement of living organisms from one area with release in another
Case study: UK butterflies. Assisted colonisation (translocation)?
Willis et al, 2009
Marbled white (Melanargia galathea) Moved 65 km Small skypper (Thymelicus sylvestris) Moved 35 km 10 Years later they are thriving at they new habitat!
All names
Spellerberg and Hardes, 1992
State of the world’s plants
Seddon et al., 2016
CITES
CBD
Forestry Commission
Thiers, 2006
Burke, 2005
Miranto, 2005
IUCN
Willis et al, 2009
“Maintain the diversity of living organisms, their habitats and the inter-relationships between organisms and their environment”.
Define biological conservation
Spellerberg and Hardes, 1992
1 in 5
10%
How many plants are under the threat of extinction?
How much of the areas of vegetation are very sensitive to climate change?
Seddon et al., 2016
5,600 species of animals and 30,000 species of plants are protected by CITES against over-exploitation through international trade
How many animals and plants are protected by CITES?
CITES
