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Spring 2014 - ABD TEST 1 - ARTERIES & VEINS ✔️ > Veins And Beyond > Flashcards

Veins And Beyond Flashcards

0
Q

IVC is the main ______ ______.

A

Trunk vein

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1
Q

What are the major veins?

A

IVC
Hepatic veins
Renal veins
Common iliac veins

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2
Q

IVC empties into where?

A

The right atrium

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3
Q

IVC courses to where?

A

The right of the aorta

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4
Q

The IVC is posterior to what organs?

A

Duodenum and pancreas

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5
Q

What does the IVC do?

A

Returns all of the blood from the legs and some of the abdominal organs back to the heart

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6
Q

What kind of vein is the IVC?

A

A large collapsible vein

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7
Q

Is the IVC pressure higher or lower than the aorta?

A

Lower pressure

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8
Q

The IVC has what kind of look to it when scanning longitudinally?

A

It hammocks

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9
Q

What are the 6 retroperitoneum tributaries of the IVC?

A

Common iliac veins Lumbar veins
Gonadal veins Renal veins
Suprarenal veins Hepatic veins

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10
Q

The IVC longitudinally appears as a…

A

Tubular structure to the right of the aorta

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11
Q

The IVC transversely appears like a…

A

Oval structure

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12
Q

How do the IVC walls differ from the aorta?

A

IVC walls are thinner

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13
Q

What varies the diameter of the IVC?

A

Breathing

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14
Q

Inspiration does what to the IVC?

A

Increase the diameter

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15
Q

Expiration does what to the IVC?

A

Decreases the diameter

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16
Q

What is valsalva?

A

When a patient bears down, as if having a bowl movement, to cause dilation

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17
Q

What is the diameter of a normal IVC?

A

Less than 2.0 cm

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18
Q

What symptoms would occur that would indicate to scan the IVC?

A

Abdominal pain
Palpable mass
F/U filter placement - history of DVT
History of renal tumor

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19
Q

The IVC is affected by what side of the heart?

A

The right side

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20
Q

IVC dilation could mean what 5 things?

A 
Right ventricular heart failure
Congestive heart failure
Constrictive pericarditis
Tricuspid disease
Right heart obstructive tumor
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21
Q

IVC obstructed with a tumor could mean what 3 things?

A

Distended vessel
Renal cell carcinoma
Wilm’s tumor (in children)

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22
Q

Complete thrombosis of the IVC could be what 2 things?

A

Pulmonary emboli
Venous thrombosis

Life threatening

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23
Q

What is surgically placed in the IVC if there is thrombosis?

A

A filter

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24
Q

The IVC is affected by what other organs?

A

The liver and heart

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25
Q

IVC dilated in the liver could mean what?

A

Heptomegaly
Increased pressure
Cirrhosis

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26
Q

What would cause the IVC to be compressed?

A

Later stage of pregnancy - edema in legs/ankles
Malignant retroperitoneal tumors
Hepatic or pancreatic masses

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27
Q

What symptom will pressure on the IVC cause?

A

Dizziness

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28
Q

Hat are some congenital IVC abnormalities?

A

Double IVC

Interruption of the IVC

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29
Q

Aorta verse IVC…

A

Aorta - not affected by valsalva, does not touch the liver, thicker more echogenic walls, cardiac plasticity, multiple anterior branches, no vessels posterior, high flow velocity, not compressable

IVC - diameter affected by valsalva, touches liver, thin walls, respiratory phasicity, hepatica only anterior branch, RRA posterior to IVC, low flow velocity, compressable

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30
Q

Renal veins drain what?

A

Kidneys, ureters, adrenals

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31
Q

Right renal vein courses how?

A

Anterior to the IVC

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32
Q

Left renal vein courses how?

A

Between the aorta and SMA

33
Q

What creates the “nutcracker” sign?

A

Left renal vein is anterior to the aorta and posterior to SMA

34
Q

How can the right renal vein best be seen?

A

Transverse anterior to renal artery

35
Q

How can the left renal vein best be seen?

A

Transverse anterior to the aorta and posterior to the SMA

36
Q

What pathology can occur in the renal veins?

A

Obstruction or thrombosis

37
Q

Hepatic veins are the ________ tributaries.

A

Largest

38
Q

What does the right hepatic vein drain and how does it divide the liver?

A

Drains the right lobe

Divides right lobe of liver into anterior and posterior

39
Q

What does the left hepatic vein drain and how does it divide the liver?

A

Drains the left lobe

Divides left lobe of liver into medial and lateral

40
Q

What does the middle hepatic vein drain and how does it divide the liver?

A

Drains the caudate lobe

Divides liver into right and left lobes

41
Q

What does respiration a do to the hepatic veins?

A

Varies flow and diameters

42
Q

What happens to the hepatic veins as they get closer to the IVC?

A

Increase in size

43
Q

What sign can you see when finding the hepatic veins?

A

The “bunny” or “reindeer” sign

44
Q

What are the main veins of the hepatic-portal system?

A

SMV, IMV, splenic veins, portal veins

45
Q

What does the hepatic portal system drain?

A

The GI tract, spleen, pancreas, and gallbladder

46
Q

What does the hepatic portal system deliver blood to?

A

The liver

47
Q

Portal veins is formed where?

A

Posterior to the pancreas

48
Q

Portal vein is the union of what 2 veins?

A

Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

49
Q

The portal vein branches into what 2 veins?

A

The right and left portal veins

50
Q

The portal venous blood traverses what organ?

A

The liver

51
Q

The portal venous blood drains into where?

A

The IVC via the hepatic veins

52
Q

The main portal vein is ______ to the IVC.

A

Anterior

53
Q

The main portal vein enters where and splits into what?

A

Enters the liver at the porta hepatis and splits into the right and left branches

54
Q

The main portal vein drains what and send blood where?

A

Drains GI tract and sends blood to the liver for filtration

55
Q

Why is the portal vein special?

A

It delivers oxygen to the hepatocytes

56
Q

How is the main portal vein best seen when scanning?

A

Transversely as a tubular structure from pancreas head to liver

57
Q

What changes the main portal veins diameter?

A

Valsalva and respirstions

58
Q

What is the normal diameter of the main portal vein?

A

Less than 13 mm

59
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

Common bile duct, hepatic artery, portal vein

“Mickey Mouse” sign

60
Q

What is the portal confluence?

A

Where the portal vein, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric vein come together

61
Q

Hepatic veins verse portal veins…

A

HV - thin walls, increases diameter closer to IVC, flow away from liver, drains cephalad towards diaphragm, triphasic flow

PV - thick reflective walls, constant diameter, flow towards liver

62
Q

Problems with hepatic veins could mean what?

A

Chronic heart failure (right heart)

Liver disease

63
Q

Problems with the portal veins could mean what?

A

Liver disease

Portal hypertension

64
Q

Splenic veins originate from where?

A

At the splenic hilum

65
Q

Splenic veins course how?

A

Posterior to the pancreas

66
Q

The splenic vein joins what to form what?

A

Joins the superior mesenteric vein to for the main portal vein

67
Q

Splenic vein drains what?

A

The stomach, spleen, pancreas

68
Q

How can the splenic vein best be seen while scanning?

A

Transversely as a tubular structure posterior to the body and tail of pancreas

69
Q

How can the superior mesenteric vein best be seen while scanning?

A

Longitudinally as a tubular structure to the right of the superior mesenteric artery

Transversely seen as a tubular structure

70
Q

Superior mesenteric vein originates from where?

A

The mesentery

71
Q

The superior mesenteric vein joins what?

A

The splenic vein posterior to the neck of the pancreas to form the main portal vein

72
Q

The superior mesenteric vein drains what?

A

The small intestine and proximal colon

73
Q

List 4 things about the gonadal veins…

A

Testicular and ovarian
Left - empties into the left renal vein
Right - empties into the IVC
Not usually seen

74
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein arises from where?

A

The colon

75
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein ascends to where?

A

The left of the inferior mesenteric artery

76
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein joins what?

A

The splenic vein posterior to the body of the pancreas

77
Q

The inferior mesenteric vein drains what?

A

The distal colon

78
Q

Can you see the inferior mesenteric vein?

A

Not usually

79
Q

Explain arteries and veins above the umbilicus…

A

Arteries are posterior to veins

80
Q

Explain arteries and veins below the umbilicus…

A

The arteries are anterior to the veins

Spring 2014 - ABD TEST 1 - ARTERIES & VEINS ✔️ (5 decks)

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