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Spring 2014 - ABD TEST 1 - ARTERIES & VEINS ✔️ > Arteries > Flashcards

Arteries Flashcards

0
Q

How can you tell you’re imaging the IVC?

A

It will compress; it moves with the body

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1
Q

How can you tell you’re imaging the aorta?

A

It will pulse; it moves with the heart

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2
Q

Why is knowing the abdominal vessels important for scanning?

A

They provide landmarks for organ imaging

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3
Q

What does the circulatory system do?

A

It transports gases and nutrients to the tissue and transports waste products away from the tissue

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4
Q

In general, what does the network of vessels look like?

A

Arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins

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5
Q

How do you measure the blood flow in an artery?

A

Place the gate and the wings with an angle of less than 60°

Make sure it is swept to either side a bit

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6
Q

How do you measure blood flow in a vein?

A

Just place the gate

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7
Q

What happens to blood flow when you fast for an exam?

A

Being NPO will affect blood flow; not eating will resist blood flow

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8
Q

What are the 3 parts of a vessel wall?

A

Tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa/adventitia

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9
Q

Do arteries or veins have a thicker muscle layer?

A

Arteries have a thicker muscle layer than veins

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10
Q

Describe 4 things about Tunica Intima…

A

Endothelial cells - lumen
Delicate connective tissue
Elastic tissue
Inner layer

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11
Q

Describe 3 things about the Tunica Media…

A

Smooth elastic muscle
Middle layer
Helps regulate flow by controlling diameter

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12
Q

Describe 3 things about the Tunica Externa/Adventitia…

A

Loose connective tissue
Smooth muscles and elastic tissue
Outer layer

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13
Q

What is the vasa vasorum?

A

Small blood vessels that supply the walls of the aorta and vena cava

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14
Q

List 5 things about arteries…

A 
Blood away from heart
Smaller in diameter
Faster moving blood
Elasticity
No change in respiration
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15
Q

List 7 things about veins…

A

Blood to the heart Slower moving blood
Collapsible Little elasticity
Large diameter Changes with respiration
Has valves

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16
Q

What part of the body has the most valves?

A

The legs; makes sure blood flows the right way

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17
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Small vessels connecting the arterial and venous systems

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18
Q

What is passed through capillary walls?

A

Nutrients and waste

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19
Q

What are the 6 major arteries?

A

Aorta, celiac axis, SMA, renal, IMA, common illiacs

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20
Q

What is the name of the arteries and veins that lead to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins

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21
Q

Describe 3 things about the aorta…

A

Trunk artery
Largest principle artery
Arises from the left ventricle

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22
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Distributes blood to organs and limbs

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23
Q

How are arterial branches named?

A

Usually after the organ it is feeding

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24
Q

What are the 5 different parts of the aorta?

A 
Root of the aorta - LVOT
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Thoracic descending aorta
Abdominal descending aorta - retroperitoneum
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25
Q

Describe 3 things about the root of the aorta…

A

Leaves the left ventricle
Three cusps on the aortic valve
Coronary arteries arise from the cusps

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26
Q

What happens if cusps are damaged?

A

A heart attack could occur

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27
Q

Describe the ascending aorta…

A

Arches to form the aortic arch

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28
Q

What arteries branch out from the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

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29
Q

What 2 arteries branch off the brachiocephalic?

A

Right subclavian

Right common carotid

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30
Q

Describe the descending aorta…

A

Enters the abdomen through the opening of the diaphragm

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31
Q

Describe 3 things about the ascending aorta…

A

Largest artery in the body
Slightly left of the vertebral column
Diaphragmatic crura surround the aorta through the diaphragm

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32
Q

What is the diaphragmatic crura?

A

Tendinous structures that extend inferiorly from the diaphragm to attach to the vertebral column

Form a tether for muscular contraction; name is from their leg shaped appearance (crus is Latin for leg)

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33
Q

What can the crus of the diaphragm be confused with?

A

The right renal artery

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34
Q

What is the normal measurement of the abdominal aorta?

A

2-3 cm in diameter

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35
Q

Describe 3 thing about the aorta from a scanning aspect…

A

Best anatomic landmark
Patient lays in a supine position
Longitudinally - it’s a hallow tube anterior to the spine

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36
Q

What might you need to do when scanning the aorta to get by air or gas?

A

Apply pressure and angle the transducer

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37
Q

What techniques might you use to get a better image of the aorta?

A

Breathing or extend abdomen techniques

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38
Q

Too high of gain might create what when scanning the aorta? What should the aorta look like?

A

Artifactual internal echoes

Anechoic

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39
Q

What symptoms might lead to an aortic scan?

A

Abdominal pain, pulsatile mass, AAA on film, F/U AAA, trauma, abdominal bruit

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40
Q

What is the other position a patient can be in for an aortic scan?

A

Decubed; on side

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41
Q

Describe 3 things about the aorta in transverse…

A

Circular structure
Gradual tapering
Becomes more anterior distally

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42
Q

What is the measurement of the proximal aorta?

A

2.0-2.6 cm

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43
Q

What is the measurement of the middle aorta?

A

1.6-2.4 cm

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44
Q

What is the measurement of the distal aorta?

A

1.1-2.0 cm

45
Q

What is the measurement of the iliacs?

A

0.6-1.4 cm

46
Q

What are the aorta branches?

A 
Phrenic arteries - lateral branch by diaphragm
Celiac - 1st anterior branch 
SMA - 2nd anterior branch
Renal arteries - lateral branch
IMA - anterior near bifurcation
47
Q

Name the 5 paired arteries branches of the aorta…

A 
Suprarenal
Renal
Gonadal
Lumbar
Common iliacs
48
Q

Name the 3 unpaired branches of the aorta…

A

Celiac axis
SMA
IMA

49
Q

Name 3 anterior branches of the aorta…

A

Celiac axis
SMA
IMA

50
Q

Name 2 lateral branches of the aorta…

A

Renal

Common iliacs

51
Q

What does the phrenic arteries supply?

A

The diaphragm

52
Q

What does the cystic artery supply?

A

The gallbladder

53
Q

Th celiac axis originated how many cm below the what?

A

2 cm below the diaphragm

54
Q

The celiac axis is superior to what organ?

A

The pancreas

55
Q

What does the celiac axis spilt into?

A

Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery

56
Q

What type of blood flow does the celiac axis have?

A

Low resistance

57
Q

Is blood flow in the celiac axis affected by eating?

A

No

58
Q

What does the common hepatic artery travels along?

A

The superior border of the head of the pancreas

59
Q

What does the common hepatic artery branch into?

A

The proper hepatic artery (LT/RT hepatic arteries) and the gastroduodenal artery

60
Q

What organ does the proper hepatic artery enter?

A

The liver

61
Q

What organs does the gastroduodenal artery supply?

A

The pancreas and the duodenum

62
Q

What is an easy way to find the gastroduodenal artery when scanning?

A

It is the anterior eye of the worm (pancreas)

63
Q

What is the circular structure that creates the posterior eye of the worm (pancreas)?

A

Common bile duct

64
Q

The common hepatic artery then divides again into what?

A

The left hepatic artery and right hepatic artery

65
Q

What does the left hepatic artery supply?

A

Caudate and left lobe of liver

66
Q

What does the right hepatic artery supply?

A

The right lobe and the gallbladder via the cystic artery

67
Q

The splenic artery is the _________ branch of the celiac axis.

A

Largest

68
Q

How does the splenic artery travel out from the celiac axis?

A

Tortuous course superior and posterior to the body and proximal tail of the pancreas

69
Q

What does the splenic artery supply?

A

The spleen, pancreas, and fundus of the stomach

70
Q

What kind of blood flow is in the splenic artery?

A

Low resistance

71
Q

Left gastric artery is the ________ branch of the celiac axis.

A

Smallest

72
Q

How does the left gastric artery travel?

A

Anterior and cephalad

73
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

The stomach and the pylorus

74
Q

What creates the “seagull” sign when scanning in transverse?

A

The celiac axis, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery

75
Q

The superior mesenteric artery is about how far below the celiac axis?

A

1-2 cm

76
Q

How does the superior mesenteric artery run?

A

Parallel to the aorta and posterior to the neck/body of the pancreas

77
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

The small intestine and the proximal colon

78
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery look like when scanning longitudinally?

A

Tubular structure coursing parallel to the anterior aorta

79
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery look like when scanning transversely?

A

Circular structure anterior to the aorta and posterior to the pancreas body

80
Q

What can you easily see the superior mesenteric artery when scanning?

A

It has a halo surrounding it; highly reflective echoes

81
Q

Superior mesenteric artery preprandial has what kind of blood flow?

A

High resistance flow

82
Q

Superior mesenteric artery postprandial has what kind of blood flow?

A

Low resistance blood flow

83
Q

What does high resistance blood flow look like spectrally?

A

It will sharply peak then beat back up

84
Q

What does low resistance blood flow look like spectrally?

A

It will peak then on the way down it will create a hump

85
Q

What does the internal carotid supply blood to? What kind of flow is present?

A

Feeds the brain

Low resistance flow

86
Q

What does the external carotid supply blood to? What kind of flow is present?

A

Feeds the face

High resistance flow

87
Q

What kind of blood flow is present when the stomach is full? How about empty?

A

Full = low

Empty = high

88
Q

When dealing with the SMA/IMA, what is intestinal angina?

A

Medical condition in which lack of blood causes severe chest pains

89
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery originates how far above the bifurcation?

A

3-4 cm

90
Q

How does the inferior mesenteric artery travel and what does it supply?

A

Inferiorly to supply the descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

91
Q

What impedes on seeing the inferior mesenteric artery when scanning?

A

Gas artifacts impede visualization

92
Q

What kind of blood flow does the inferior mesenteric artery have?

A

Low resistance

93
Q

Renal arteries are how far inferior of the SMA?

A

1-3 cm

94
Q

The right renal artery travels how?

A

Posterior to the IVC

Movie star artery

95
Q

The left renal artery travels how?

A

Anterior to the psoas muscle

96
Q

What do the renal arteries supply?

A

Kidneys, adrenals, ureters

97
Q

Describe 3 things about the right renal artery…

A

Longer
Posterior to IVC
Posterior to the vein before entering the hilum

98
Q

Describe 2 things about the left renal artery…

A

Shorter

Courses directly to the hilum

99
Q

Which artery is shorter? Right or left renal artery?

A

Left renal artery

100
Q

What is the best way to see the renal arteries?

A

In transverse and use color Doppler

101
Q

What kind of blood flow does the renal arteries have?

A

Low resistance flow

102
Q

What is stenosis?

A

Narrowing of the artery

103
Q

Renal artery stenosis usually mean what?

A

Hypertension or renal tumor

104
Q

What is a fistula?

A

A weird connection between and artery and a vein

105
Q

Describe 3 things about a renal arteriovenous fistula…

A

Congenital or acquired
Cluster of tubular structures
Weird connection between an artery and vein

106
Q

Common iliac arteries can be seen where?

A

At the bifurcation of the aorta

107
Q

What is the measurement of the common iliac arteries in transverse?

A

Less than 1.2 cm

108
Q

What does the common iliac arteries supply blood to?

A

Legs and pelvis

109
Q

Internal iliac supplies?

A

The pelvis and buttocks

110
Q

External iliac supplies?

A

The legs

Spring 2014 - ABD TEST 1 - ARTERIES & VEINS ✔️ (5 decks)

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