+ve sense RNA Viruses Flashcards by Mohammed Shembesh

Flavi viruses and diseases

Hep c , dengue fever , yellow fever , West Nile virus

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Dengue fever symptoms

Thrombocytopenia , hemorrhagic fever , renal failure

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Dengue fever other name is

Break bone fever

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Yellow fever symptoms

Jaundice , Back ache , bloody stool , black vomitus

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Yellow fever has

Live attenuated vaccine

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West Nile virus symptoms

Encephalitis , meningitis , seizures

Flaccid paralysis , coma

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Hepatitis C is a member of

Flavivirus family

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Hepatitis C transmission

Blood transfusion , needle sharing or sticks, placental , breast feeding and sex

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Hepatitis C show ,,,,,,,

Antigenic variability of enveloped proteins

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Antigenic variability of hep C due to

No proofreading of 3-5exonuclease activity

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Hep C outcomes

Cirrhosis

Hepatocellular carcinoma

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During acute infection of Hep C

ALT will rise and fall by 6 months

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Hep C associated with

Cryoglobulins

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Hep C treatment

Ribavirin + interferon alpha

Protease inhibitors

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Picorna family transmitted by

Feco-oral route “except Rhino virus”

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Picorna family include

Hepatitis A , Enteroviruses , Rhinovirus

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Enteroviruses include

Poliovirus , Coxsackie A and B , Echovirus

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Enteroviruses are the number one cause of

Aseptic meningitis (CSF glucose normal , No organisms , elevated protein) , children are at high risk

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Rhinovirus is acid ……..

Labile

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Rhinovirus transmitted by

Fomites أدوات معدية or contaminated hand of respiratory secretions

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Rhinovirus enter the host cell by

Attachment to ICAM-1

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Rhinovirus grow best at

Cooler temperature (around 33c)

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Rhinovirus cause

URI

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Rhinovirus has different

many serotypes

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Hepatitis A is acid ........

Stable

Picorna family are

Naked viruses

Picorna family

Produce one long polyprotein cleaved by viral protease

Hepatitis A transmitted by

Feco-orally and contaminated water , shellfish in developing countries

Hepatitis A commonly seen in

Travelers to endemic areas

Hepatitis A cause

Jaundice is adults , acute anecteric hepatitis in infants and young children

Smokers with Hepatitis A develop

Aversion (كره) to smoking

Notes about Hep A

One month only of symptoms Self limiting No carrier

Inactivated vaccine for

Hep A

Poliovirus is ................... and transmitted by

Acid stable , feco-oral route

Replication of polio occurs in

Peyer’s patches

Poliovirus affect

The anterior horn of spinal cord

Poliovirus symptoms

Asymmetric paralysis , respiratory insufficiency , viral meningitis

Polio vaccines

Oral Sabin (live attenuated ), injectable Salk (killed)

Oral Sabin vaccine create

IgA response

Coxsackie A associated with

Hand , foot and mouth disease(Red vesicular rash), aseptic meningitis

Coxsackie A infection common in

Summer months

Coxsackie B cause

1. Dilated cardiomyopathy | 2. Devils grip(Bornholms disease/pleurodynia)

Calicivirus is

Naked virus

The most common calicivirus is

Norovirus

Norovirus outbreaks common in

Daycare centers and schools

Consumption of shellfish is associated with

Norovirus infection

Norovirus cause

Explosive watery diarrhea

Calicivirus produce

One long polyprotein cleaved by viral protease

Togavirus has two types

Arbovirus , Rubella virus

Arbovirus subtypes

Western , eastern and Venezuelan

Arbovirus cause

Encephalitis

Rubella Childhood exanthem “skin rash” it’s symptoms :

.Postaurciular and occipital lymphadenopathy .Rash starts at the head and move downward (Move Faster than measles)

Rubella transmission via

Respiratory droplets

Congenital rubella classic triad:

1. patent ductus arteriosus 2. congenital cataract 3. sensory-neural deafness

Other congenital rubella symptoms :

Blueberry muffin rash , Jaundice

Adult rubella cause

Polyarthritis

HIV positive patients should receive MMR vaccine only when

CD4 count above 200

Like picorna , Togavirus produce

One long polyprotein that cleaved by viral protease

Big Buzzword(key word ) about Rubella infection

Immigrant

Rubella other name

German measles

Diploid RNA positive virus is

Retro virus

Gag gene make

P24 , which is the capsule for RNA strands

Env gene make

Gp120 surface protein and Gp41 transmembrane protein

HIV one of the ............ infection

TORCHES

HIV initially infect

Macrophages

HIV infections first symptoms

Flu or mono-like symptoms , lymphadenopathy

AIDS diagnosed when

CD4+ cells <200

HIV associated disease

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

HIV gains entry via

CCR5 in early stages and CXCR4 in late stages

Screening test for HIV by............ and confirmation done with..............

ELISA test , western blot

HAART

NRTIs (nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors )like zidovudine for pregnant patients. NNRTIs(non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors) Protease inhibitors CCR5 inhibitors like Maraviroc

Corona virus is

Helical Encapsulated +ve sense RNA virus

Corona virus cause

Common cold | Acute bronchitis can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome