VDA - Arch

Question 1

A curved structure for spanning an opening, designed to support a vertical load primarily by axial compression

Answer 1

Arch

Question 2

An arch constructed of individual stone or brick voussoirs

Answer 2

Masonry arch

Question 3

An arch-shaped to develop only axial compression under a given loading. This shape may be found by inverting the funicular shape for a cable carrying a similar loading pattern. It is subject to bending if the loading pattern changes.

Answer 3

Funicular arch

Question 4

A fixed frame structure having an arched form

Answer 4

Fixed arch

Question 5

An arched structure of timber, steel, or reinforced concrete, constructed as a rigid body capable of carrying bending stresses

Answer 5

Rigid arch

Question 6

A two-hinged frame structure having an arched form

Answer 6

Two-hinged arch

Question 7

A three-hinged frame structure having an arched form

Answer 7

Three-hinged arch

Question 8

Any of the wedge-shaped units in a masonry arch or vault, having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers

Answer 8

Voussoir

Question 9

The first voussoir resting on the impost of an arch

Answer 9

Springer

Question 10

The wedge-shaped, often embellished voussoir at the crown of an arch, serving to lock the other voussoirs in place

Answer 10

Keystone

Question 11

The height of an arch from the spring line to the highest point of the intrados

Answer 11

Rise

Question 12

The exterior curve, surface, or boundary of the visible face of an arch. Also called back.

Answer 12

Extrados

Question 13

A decorative molding or band on the face of an arch following the curve of the intrados

Answer 13

Archivolt

Question 14

The inner curve or surface of an arch forming the concave underside

Answer 14

Intrados

Question 15

The point at which an arch, vault, or dome rises from its support

Answer 15

Spring

Question 16

The highest part or point of a convex construction, such as an arch, vault, or roadway

Answer 16

Crown

Question 17

Either side of an arch curving down from the crown to the impost

Answer 17

Haunch

Question 18

The uppermost part of an abutment, often in the form of a block, capital, or molding, from which an arch springs

Answer 18

Impost

Question 19

The triangular-shaped, sometimes ornamented area between the extrados of two adjoining arches, or between the left or right extrados of an arch and the rectangular framework surrounding it

Answer 19

Spandrel

Question 20

An archway having sides or jambs not at right angles with the face of its abutments

Answer 20

Skew arch

Question 21

Any of several concentric rings of masonry forming an arch, esp. when each project beyond the one below

Answer 21

Order

Question 22

A temporary framework for supporting a masonry arch or vault during construction until the work can support itself

Answer 22

Centering

Question 23

A board used as centering for a flat arch, slightly crowned to allow for settling of the arch. Also called camber slip

Answer 23

Camber piece

Question 24

A crosspiece connecting the ribs in a centering. Also called bolster.

Answer 24

Lag

Question 25

The manner in which an arch transforms the vertical forces of a supported load into inclined components and transmits them to abutments on either side of the archway

Answer 25

Arch action

Question 26

The median line of an arched structure

Answer 26

Arch axis

Question 27

The set of resultants of thrust and weight each part of an arch imposes on the next lower one. For bending to be eliminated throughout an arch, this must coincide with the arch axis.

Answer 27

Line of thrust

Question 28

The outward force or pressure exerted by one part of a structure against another

Answer 28

Thrust

Question 29

The thrust of an arched structure on its abutments, proportional to the total load and span, and inversely proportional to the rise

Answer 29

Drift

Question 30

The part of a structure receiving and supporting the thrust of an arch, vault, or strut

Answer 30

Abutment

Question 31

An iron or steel rod serving as a structural tie, esp. one keeping the lower ends of an arch or frame from spreading

Answer 31

Tie rod

Question 32

A stone or course of masonry having a sloping face against which the end of a segmental arch rests

Answer 32

Skewback

Question 33

An arch having a horizontal intrados with voussoirs radiating from a center below, often built with a slight camber to allow for settling. Also called jack arch.

Answer 33

Flat arch

Question 34

An arch having continuously curved intrados, esp. a semicircular one

Answer 34

Round arch

Question 35

A flat arch having voussoirs inclined to the same angle on each side of the center

Answer 35

French arch

Question 36

An arch having a semicircular intrados

Answer 36

Roman arch

Question 37

An arch struck from one or more centers below the springing line

Answer 37

Segmental arch

Question 38

A primitive form of arch consisting of two stones laid diagonally to support each other over an opening

Answer 38

Triangular arch

Question 39

A false arch is constructed by corbeling courses from each side of an opening until they meet at a midpoint where a capstone is laid to complete the work. The stepped reveals may be smoothed, but no arch action is effected.

Answer 39

Corbel arch

Question 40

An arch having one impost higher than the other

Answer 40

Rampant arch

Question 41

An arch resting on imposts treated as downward continuations of the archivolt

Answer 41

Stilted arch

Question 42

A round arch resting on two large corbels with curved faces

Answer 42

Bell arch

Question 43

An arch having an intrados that widens above the springing before narrowing to a rounded crown. Also called Moorish arch.

Answer 43

Horseshoe arch

Question 44

An arch having a cusped intrados with three round or pointed foils

Answer 44

Trefoil arch

Question 45

A three-centered arch having a crown with a radius much greater than that of the outer pair of curves. Also called anse de panier.

Answer 45

Basket-handle arch

Question 46

An arch having a pointed crown

Answer 46

Pointed arch

Question 47

A pointed arch having two centers and radii equal to the span

Answer 47

Equilateral arch

Question 48

A pointed arch, esp. one having two centers and equal radii

Answer 48

Gothic arch

Question 49

A four-centered arch having an inner pair of curves with a radius much greater than that of the outer pair

Answer 49

Tudor arch

Question 50

A pointed arch having two centers and radii greater than the span

Answer 50

Lancet arch

Question 51

A pointed arch having two centers and radii less than the span

Answer 51

Drop arch

Question 52

A pointed arch having two centers and radii less than the span

Answer 52

Surbased arch

Question 53

A pointed arch, each haunch of which is a double curve with the concave side uppermost

Answer 53

Ogee arch