Brown Bauhaus HOA 4

Question 1

An overhanging defensive structure at the top of a medieval fortification, with floor openings through which boiling water or oil, missiles, etc., could be dropped on attackers

Answer 1

Machicolation

Question 2

A permanent roof-like shelter over an entrance to a building

Answer 2

Marquee

Marquise

Question 3

A freestanding tomb used in ancient Egypt, consisting of a rectangular superstructure with inclined sides, from which a shaft leads to underground burial and offering chambers

Answer 3

Mastaba

Question 4

Built of unusually large stones

Answer 4

Megalithic

Question 5

A horizontal bracket or console, usually in the form of a scroll with acanthus, supporting the corona under a cornice

Answer 5

Modillion

Question 6

In Greek architecture, a circular peripteral building, as a temple, having only a single row of columns

Answer 6

Monopteron

Question 7

A vertical member separating (and often supporting) windows, doors, or panels set in series

Answer 7

Mullion

Question 8

An original Islamic design involving various combinations of three-dimensional shapes, corbeling, etc.

Answer 8

Muqarnas

Question 9

A city of the dead; a large cemetery in ancient Egypt, Greece, Phoenicia, Carthage, etc.

Answer 9

Necropolis

Question 10

In American architecture of the last half of the 20th century, a term applied to buildings more or less patterned after 19th-century Colonial Revival architecture but usually a poorer version of the original

Answer 10

Neo-Colonial Architecture

Question 11

The central post or column around which the steps of a circular staircase wind, and which provides support for the staircase

Answer 11

Newel

Question 12

The Romanesque architecture of England from the Norman Conquest (1066) until the rise of the Gothic around 1180

Answer 12

Norman architecture

Question 13

Prehistoric round towers and agglomerations of stone huts peculiar to Sardinia

Answer 13

Nuraghe

Noraghe

Question 14

One of any number of domestic modes of architecture during the second half of the 20th century that freely borrows from, but does not copy, an earlier traditional style and detailing, making little effort to be precise in imitating its prototype

Answer 14

Neo-Eclectic Architecture

Question 15

A small ancient Greek or Roman theater, usually roofed, for musical performances

Answer 15

Odium

Odeon

Question 16

The inner portico at the rear of the cella of a classical temple, corresponding to the pronaos in front

Answer 16

Opisthodomos

Opisthodomus

Question 17

In ancient Rome, masonry formed of small rough stones set irregularly in mortar, sometimes traversed by beds of bricks or tiles

Answer 17

Opus Incertum

Question 18

Masonry of squared stones in regular ashlar courses

Answer 18

Opus Quadratum

Question 19

A decorative Roman wall facing, backed by a concrete core, formed of small pyramidal stones with their points embedded in the wall, their exposed square bases, set diagonally, forming a net-like pattern

Answer 19

Opus Reticulatum

Question 20

A small private chapel furnished with an altar and a crucifix

Answer 20

Oratory

Question 21

A term descriptive of a mode of Exotic Revival architecture that is suggestive of the architecture of the Middle East and/or Far East

Answer 21

Oriental Revival

Question 22

One of many large stone slabs, set as a revetment at the lower part of the cella in a classical temple, or at the base of a wall in the ancient architecture of Anatolia, northern Syria, and Assyria

Answer 22

Orthostat

Question 23

A term descriptive of a style of building that follows the strict use of Roman forms, as set forth in the publications of the Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio (1508-1580), particularly under the influence of Lord Burlington in the 18th century

Answer 23

Palladianism

Question 24

Capital of an Egyptian column having the form of a cluster of papyrus flowers

Answer 24

Papyriform

Question 25

In northern England and Scotland in the Middle Ages, a small, emergency defense structure, generally a low, fortified tower, usable as a dwelling place

Answer 25

Peel

Pele

Question 26

A term descriptive of a classical building that is surrounded by a single row of columns

Answer 26

Peripteral

Question 27

An outdoor flight of steps, usually symmetrical, leading to a terrace, platform, or doorway of a large building

Answer 27

Perron

Question 28

A roundel, often decorated with leaves, petals, or the like; sometimes used as a decorative element, such as on a corner block

Answer 28

Patera

Question 29

A defensive grating, of massive iron or timber, movable vertically in retaining grooves cut in the jambs of a fortified gateway

Answer 29

Portcullis

Question 30

From the late 1960s on, a term describing architecture that connotes a break with the canons of International Style modernism. Functionalism and emphasis on the expression of the structure are rejected in favor of greater freedom of design, including Classical historic imagery. This leads to a new interplay of contemporary forms and materials with frequent historic allusions, often ironic, as, for example, in the use of nonsupporting Classical columns and medieval arches.

Answer 30

Post-Modern Architecture

Question 31

A highly original group of influential architects in Chicago, closely associated with the early work of Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) and, to a lesser extent, with Louis H. Sullivan (1856-1924) and their followers

Answer 31

Prairie School

Question 32

A monumental roadway for ritual processions in an ancient city, e.g. Babylon

Answer 32

Processional way

Question 33

Particularly, the elaborate gateway to the Acropolis in Athens

Answer 33

Propylaea

Question 34

The middle phase of French Gothic architecture in the 13th and 14th century, characterized by radiating lines of tracery

Answer 34

Rayonnant Style

Question 35

The massive architectural style, from 1880 to 1900 and beyond, as practiced by Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-1886) and his followers; an outgrowth of earlier architecture making use of architectural elements of the Romanesque style, chiefly in public buildings, churches, railroad terminals, and universities designed from 1840 to 1880

Answer 35

Richarsonian Romanesque Style

Romanesque Revival

Question 36

In classical architecture and derivatives, an ornamental band of undulant and recurving plant motifs

Answer 36

Rinceau

Question 37

Communal housing, as much as five stories high, containing a large number of individual family units, built by unrelated tribes of New Mexico and Arizona. Buildings are constructed of adobe or a combination or adobe and stone and have massive exterior walls coated with an adobe plaster; windows of small size; steppedback roof lines; flat roofs supported by roof beams; interior walls finished with adobe plaster. Entry to the rooms through a hatchway in the roof, reached by a ladder.

Answer 37

Pueblo Architecture

Question 38

Having a portico of columns at the front of a building only

Answer 38

Prostyle

Question 39

A rectangle post, usually of stone, tapering downward, surmounted by a bust of Hermes or other divinity or by a human head

Answer 39

Herm

Question 40

Architecture prevalent in Persia excelled in large palace complexes with open iwans and the extensive use of barrel vaults and parabolic domes on squinches of brick or rubblestone, set in plaster mortar and constructed without centering. The massive walls were covered with stucco decor or articulated by pilasters and cornices.

Answer 40

Sassanian Architecture

Question 41

A stylistic designation for the eclectic architecture named after the French Second Empire of Napoleon III (1852-1870) or their derivatives

Answer 41

Second Empire Architecture

Question 42

Architecture, particularly in those areas of the American continents that have been subject to Spanish influence; greatly affected by local culture, customs, traditions, and availability of materials

Answer 42

Spanish Colonial Architecture

Question 43

A monumental architecture developed by the Sumerians, who dominated southern Mesopotamia from the end of the 4th to the end of the 3rd millennium BCE. This architecture made use of locally available building materials: tall rushes and clay, tied bundles of reeds, and wattle and daub. To give character and structural strength to the mud-brick walls, the walls were articulated by buttresses or built with alternating pilasters and recesses.

Answer 43

Sumerian Architecture

Question 44

The curvilinear openwork shapes of stone or wood creating a pattern within the upper part of a Gothic window, or an opening of similar character, in the form of mullions which are usually so treated as to be ornamental. By extension, similar patterns are applied to walls or panels.

Answer 44

Tracery

Question 45

The final development of Perpendicular Style Architecture during the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII, preceding Elizabethan architecture

Answer 45

Tudor Architecture

Question 46

An entrance or opening, usually one of a series, which pierces a bank of seats in a theater, stadium, or the like

Answer 46

Vomitory

Question 47

In Spanish architecture and derivatives, an entry; often a massive wooden gate that was often sheltered and wide enough to permit large wagons or coaches to enter the courtyard (placita) of a casa del rancho

Answer 47

Zaguan

Question 48

An architectural style emerging in Western Europe primarily in the 11th century and lasting until the advent of Gothic architecture in the 12th century; based on Roman and Byzantine elements; found especially in churches and castles; usually characterized by round arches and by massive articulated walls, barrel vaults, groined vaults, ribbed vaults; semicircular arches

Answer 48

Romanesque Style

Question 49

An architectural style used infrequently in the mid-19th century; characterized by arcaded round arches, primarily in masonry buildings

Answer 49

Round Arch Style

Question 50

Any consecrated place, in Roman or medieval architecture; a shrine, a chapel, or a sacristy for keeping liturgical objects

Answer 50

Sacrarium