VD Quiz One - Chapter 2 Continued...

Question 1

How is fundamental frequency written? How is it measured?

Answer 1

cycles per second and it is measured in Hz

Question 2

What is pitch?

Answer 2

a perceptual correlate to fundamental frequency

Question 3

What is rate of vocal fold vibration determined by?

Answer 3

length of vocal folds

Question 4

What happens to frequency when vocal fold length increases.

Answer 4

frequency increases

Question 5

What happens to the frequency when the VF tension increases?

Answer 5

frequency increases

Question 6

When does the largest variation of VF tension occur?

Answer 6

in the upper frequency range

Question 7

If the mass of the VF is per unit of length, what happens to frequency when mass of VF increases?

Answer 7

frequency decreases or vice versa

Question 8

What are the 2 mechanisms for changing FO?

Answer 8

tensors and relaxers

Question 9

If a tensor stretches vocal folds and makes the VF thinner and tensor, what happens to the VF FO?

Answer 9

• FO increases

Question 10

If a tensor tenses a VF but does not change the length of the VF, what happens to the FO?

Answer 10

• FO increases

Question 11

If a relaxer shortens a vocal fold, resulting in a thicker and laxer VF, what happens to the FO?

Answer 11

• FO decreases

Question 12

What is intensity?

Answer 12

the physical measure of power or sound pressure, measured in dB SPL

Question 13

What is the perceptual correlate to intensity?

Answer 13

loudness

Question 14

What 3 variable determine intensity?

Answer 14

1. subglottal pressure
2. medial compression of the VF
3. duration speed and degree of VP closure

Question 15

What can be done to change intensity?

Answer 15

increase subglottal pressure

Question 16

What is a mechanism for increasing subglottal pressure?

Answer 16

• increase drive from the respiratory system

- increase medial compression of the VFs

Question 17

What is needed to increase the drive from the respiratory system?

Answer 17

higher lung volume

Question 18

How can medial compression of the VFs be increased?

Answer 18

• increase resistance of the VFs

- increase subglottal pressure required to blow apart the VFs

Question 19

How can resistance of the VFs be increased?

Answer 19

increase force of adduction and tension

Question 20

Increased subglottal pressure results in increased vocal intensity by increasing subglottal pressure. What happens when subglottal pressure is increased?

Answer 20

there is an increased distorting force, the vocal folds are blown apart more forcefully

Question 21

What does increased subglottal pressure and vocal intensity lead to?

Answer 21

• leads to greater lateral excursion of vocal folds

- leads to faster/harder recoil back to rest

Question 22

Why does increased subglottal pressure and increased vocal intensity lead to faster/harder recoil back to rest?

Answer 22

• because recoil force is proportional to distorting force

Question 23

What happens to energy when vocal folds come together forcefully?

Answer 23

there is more energy in the voice signal and greater intensity

Question 24

What kind of attribute is voice quality and what is it related to?

Answer 24

voice quality is perceptual attribute and it is related to the sound of the voice beyond its pitch and loudness

Question 25

Changes in voice quality appear to result from changes at what 2 levels of the speech production system?

Answer 25

1. the glottal source

2. the resonant characteristics of the vocal tract