VD Quiz One - Chapter 2 Continued... Flashcards
How is fundamental frequency written? How is it measured?
cycles per second and it is measured in Hz
What is pitch?
a perceptual correlate to fundamental frequency
What is rate of vocal fold vibration determined by?
length of vocal folds
What happens to frequency when vocal fold length increases.
frequency increases
What happens to the frequency when the VF tension increases?
frequency increases
When does the largest variation of VF tension occur?
in the upper frequency range
If the mass of the VF is per unit of length, what happens to frequency when mass of VF increases?
frequency decreases or vice versa
What are the 2 mechanisms for changing FO?
tensors and relaxers
If a tensor stretches vocal folds and makes the VF thinner and tensor, what happens to the VF FO?
- FO increases
If a tensor tenses a VF but does not change the length of the VF, what happens to the FO?
- FO increases
If a relaxer shortens a vocal fold, resulting in a thicker and laxer VF, what happens to the FO?
- FO decreases
What is intensity?
the physical measure of power or sound pressure, measured in dB SPL
What is the perceptual correlate to intensity?
loudness
What 3 variable determine intensity?
- subglottal pressure
- medial compression of the VF
- duration speed and degree of VP closure
What can be done to change intensity?
increase subglottal pressure
What is a mechanism for increasing subglottal pressure?
- increase drive from the respiratory system
- increase medial compression of the VFs
What is needed to increase the drive from the respiratory system?
higher lung volume
How can medial compression of the VFs be increased?
- increase resistance of the VFs
- increase subglottal pressure required to blow apart the VFs
How can resistance of the VFs be increased?
increase force of adduction and tension
Increased subglottal pressure results in increased vocal intensity by increasing subglottal pressure. What happens when subglottal pressure is increased?
there is an increased distorting force, the vocal folds are blown apart more forcefully
What does increased subglottal pressure and vocal intensity lead to?
- leads to greater lateral excursion of vocal folds
- leads to faster/harder recoil back to rest
Why does increased subglottal pressure and increased vocal intensity lead to faster/harder recoil back to rest?
- because recoil force is proportional to distorting force
What happens to energy when vocal folds come together forcefully?
there is more energy in the voice signal and greater intensity
What kind of attribute is voice quality and what is it related to?
voice quality is perceptual attribute and it is related to the sound of the voice beyond its pitch and loudness
Changes in voice quality appear to result from changes at what 2 levels of the speech production system?
- the glottal source
2. the resonant characteristics of the vocal tract
