VCO 2020 Flashcards
What is the sub ventricular zone?
Area under the ependyma of the lateral ventricles that contain the largest population of neural stem cells
Is tumour involvement of the subventricular zone associated with outcome?
Yes, involvement resulted in shorter tumour specific survival, and a higher rate of progression and CNS-metastasis (306 vs. 719 days)
Does gliomas have an ability for local metastasis?
Yes- these tumour cells have a high capacity to migrate. they can be multifocal at presentation, recurring distantly form the initial tumour
What is the accuracy of MRI for evaluation of intracranial disease for predicting the type of primary brain tumours?
70%
Have any prognostic factors on MRI been identified for gliomas?
No, reduced OS been reported in one paper for cystic tumours and one paper report reduced survival with larger tumours
Which chemotherapetuic drug has been used as adjuvant treatment for glioma in humans?
Temozolomide (effect not proven in dogs)
Status of which repair protein has been associated with increased survival in human patients with glioblastoma?
O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyl-transferase encoded by MGMT-gene. Reduced efficacy of the gene increase sensitivity to temozolomide treatment.
In the systemic review and meta-analysis on metastatic low grade mast cell tumours by Bae et al: which two variables were significantly associated with increased risk of death?
- Distant metastasis had significantly higher risk of death compared to regional metastasis alone
- Dogs not undergoing surgery had an increased risk of death compared to dogs that had surgery as a part of their treatment regime.
Name the most important prognostic factors for MCTS:
Breed, anatomic location, clinical stage, grade, MI, Ki67 index, silver nucleolar organiser region count (kit mutation and localization depending on how you consider them (see review on these markers from 2019).
Which cut of for surgical margins were suggested by Saunders et al 2020, when using a modified proportional margin approach for removal of MCTs?
Upper limit of 2 cm.
T of F: According to Saunders et al, tumour size and grade strongly influence the size of histologic tumour free margins when using the modified proportional margin approach for removal of cutaneous MCTs
F - size and grade did not influence the weight chance of obtaining free margins.
What was the difference in 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) vs. CT for detection of lymph node metastasis in dogs with oral MM?
The use of PET was most successful when clinical information was available resulting in a 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity.
CT performed similarly but had a lower sensitivity 83% and higher specificity 94%
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for SNL in dogs with CMCT revealed that ___% of the cases, clinicians would have correctly predicted the SLN identified.
55%
PS. additional staging did not reveal distant mets in any patient that had clean LN.
What was the reported metastatic rate in dogs diagnosed with exocrine pancreatic carincoma?
78%
What was the OS for dogs diagnosed with exocrine pancreatic carcinoma??
1 day
Which potentially prognostic biomarkers were identified by Liu et al in 2020 for canine malignant melanoma?
Kynurenine 3 monooxygenase (KMO) and STAT3, increased expression were associated with reduced survival rate in canine patients and expression of KMO was associated with increased STAT expression.
