JVIM 2017

Question 1

Author: Fernandez/Chon
Which melphalane regime is recommended?
Which prognostic factors were identified?
What was MST?

Answer 1

1. Daily and pulse dose = well tolerated and similarly effective
2. Renal disease, NLR = neg
3. 930 days

Question 2

Does Mq and lymphocyte infiltration impact survival in dogs with OSA?

Answer 2

Yes, over 4.7% infiltration of Mqs has been associated with prolonged survival. Lymphocyte infiltration count did not impact ST.

Question 3

Which chemotherapy protocol has been used in dogs with intranasal tumours with some documented benefit?

Answer 3

Alternating doxo and carboplatin and piroxicam.

Question 4

Which tumour type is the most common sinonasal tumour in dogs?

Answer 4

Carcinomas (2/3)

Question 5

How many dogs with sinonasal tumours developed grade 3 or 4 toxicities from the carbo/doxo/prioxicam protocol?

Answer 5

25%

Question 6

How many dogs with low grade kuipel MCT have metastatic disease on presentation?

Answer 6

15-20%

Question 7

Deficiency in which enzyme may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in dogs treated with 5-FU?

Answer 7

DPD

Question 8

What is the mechanism of action for 5-FU?

Answer 8

Thymidylate synthase inhibitor

incorporation of drug metabolites in DNA and RNA results in DNA strand breaks

Question 9

Is concurrent administration of carboplatin and 5-FU considered a safe treatment option?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What are Merkel cell carcinoma?

Answer 10

A malignant cutaneous carcinoma found in cats

Question 11

Which IHC markers would you use for Merkel cell carcinoma?

Answer 11

Cytokeratin, p63, synaptophysin, and CK18

Question 12

What is the recurrence rate and MST for cats with Merkel cell carcinoma?

Answer 12

11/17 had recurrencee, the MST was 8 months

Question 13

What is the proteasome?

Answer 13

Proteins involved in marking intracellular proteins for degradation. Tumour cells have shown a much higher sensitivity to inhibition of the proteasome proteins than normal cells- mechanism unclear

Question 14

Which two proteasome inhibitors are FDA approved and which tumours doe they work for?

Answer 14

Bortezomib and carfilzomib for mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

Question 15

For which canine cell lines have proteasome inhibitors shown promise?

Answer 15

melanoma and OSA

Question 16

Name 7 important cellular processes in which proteasome function is essential making them a potential treatment target?

Answer 16

NF-kappa- B activation
Apoptosis
Cell cycle regulation
Signal transduction 
Oncogenic transformation
unfolded protein response
Chemo and radiation sensitivity

Question 17

Name 3 types of enzyme inhibitor therapy and an example of use?

Answer 17

1. PARP-inhibitor: co-administered in HER-2 positive breast cancer
2. Proteasome inhibitor- bortezomib, OSA and melanoma
3. HDACi - velporic acid, vorinostat, romidepsin - OSA cell lines, cutaneous T- cell lymphoma

3.

Question 18

What is a potential complication of proteasome inhibitor treatment?

Answer 18

Impaired bone growth

Question 19

What is MCM7 and how does in relate to histological grade in cutaneous MCT?

Answer 19

IT is a novel proliferation marked for cutaneous MCT and has been found to be significantly associated with prognosis, independently of histological grade

Question 20

What was sensitivity and specificity for MCM7 (new proliferation marked in canine cutaneous MCT)?

Answer 20

Sens -83 % and spes 86%

Question 21

What is the reported sensitivity and specificity for identification of LN mets on CT to the mandibular and medial retropharyngeal LN in dogs with oral and nasal tumours?

Answer 21

10% sensitivity and 90% specificity

Question 22

Name 4 canine cancer forms in which miRNA deregulation has been identified?

Answer 22

Mammary carcinoma, lymphoma, melanoma, osteosarcoma, HS, carcinoma, MCT, TCC, Oral SCC and prostate cancer

Question 23

What is the role of aluminium in tumorigenesis?

Answer 23

Studies in cell lines have found associations between aluminium and DNB, and suggestions have been made that aluminium may contribute in an inflammatory-independent role

Question 24

What would you estimate in MST for a dog with a sinonasal tumour treated with SRT?

Answer 24

10-20 months

(bases on the 3 papers from glasses, kubiceck and geiger.

Question 25

What are the most prevalent late effects of SRT for dogs treated for sinonasal tumours?

Answer 25

5/29 - fistula formation and fungal rhinitis

Question 26

What is the MOA of combretastatin A4-phosphate?

Answer 26

IT is a vascular disruption agent - safety study for dosing performed in dogs )52-75 mg/m2)

Question 27

What is the effect of TOC in dogs with metastatic OSA?

Answer 27

Poor, a 17% reported- with DFP of 2 mnd and MST 3 mnd

Question 28

What was the reported median survival time for cats with gastrointestinal MCT?

Answer 28

530 days = 17 months

Question 29

What is the typical presentation of an intestinal MCT on ultrasound in a cat?

Answer 29

present in the small intestine, focal, non-circumferential, eccentric mass.

Question 30

T/F there is a strong benefit of surgical removal and/or chemotherapy of primary intestinal MCT in cats

Answer 30

F- no significant difference was found associated with survival when comparing cats that did have surgery to not, and whose that received chemo or not.

Question 31

How predictive is the use of ration-size and precontrast attenuation in predicting LN metastasis to the sternal LN on CT=

Answer 31

100 % specificity and predictive value.

Question 32

What is the most common primary intraocular tumour in dogs?

Answer 32

Uveal melanoma

Question 33

What is SRC, and which canine tumour has mutations been documented?

Answer 33

It is an oncogene and has been found in melanoma cells

Question 34

What is MAO of bosutinib?

Answer 34

TK inhibitor

Question 35

How is the inter and intraobserver agreement in histological assessment of STS=

Answer 35

There is good intraobserver assessment of STS (0.78-0.9), however the interobserver agreement is moderate (0.6-0.43)