JVIM 2017 Flashcards
Author: Fernandez/Chon
Which melphalane regime is recommended?
Which prognostic factors were identified?
What was MST?
- Daily and pulse dose = well tolerated and similarly effective
- Renal disease, NLR = neg
- 930 days
Does Mq and lymphocyte infiltration impact survival in dogs with OSA?
Yes, over 4.7% infiltration of Mqs has been associated with prolonged survival. Lymphocyte infiltration count did not impact ST.
Which chemotherapy protocol has been used in dogs with intranasal tumours with some documented benefit?
Alternating doxo and carboplatin and piroxicam.
Which tumour type is the most common sinonasal tumour in dogs?
Carcinomas (2/3)
How many dogs with sinonasal tumours developed grade 3 or 4 toxicities from the carbo/doxo/prioxicam protocol?
25%
How many dogs with low grade kuipel MCT have metastatic disease on presentation?
15-20%
Deficiency in which enzyme may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in dogs treated with 5-FU?
DPD
What is the mechanism of action for 5-FU?
Thymidylate synthase inhibitor
incorporation of drug metabolites in DNA and RNA results in DNA strand breaks
Is concurrent administration of carboplatin and 5-FU considered a safe treatment option?
Yes
What are Merkel cell carcinoma?
A malignant cutaneous carcinoma found in cats
Which IHC markers would you use for Merkel cell carcinoma?
Cytokeratin, p63, synaptophysin, and CK18
What is the recurrence rate and MST for cats with Merkel cell carcinoma?
11/17 had recurrencee, the MST was 8 months
What is the proteasome?
Proteins involved in marking intracellular proteins for degradation. Tumour cells have shown a much higher sensitivity to inhibition of the proteasome proteins than normal cells- mechanism unclear
Which two proteasome inhibitors are FDA approved and which tumours doe they work for?
Bortezomib and carfilzomib for mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma.
For which canine cell lines have proteasome inhibitors shown promise?
melanoma and OSA
Name 7 important cellular processes in which proteasome function is essential making them a potential treatment target?
NF-kappa- B activation Apoptosis Cell cycle regulation Signal transduction Oncogenic transformation unfolded protein response Chemo and radiation sensitivity
Name 3 types of enzyme inhibitor therapy and an example of use?
- PARP-inhibitor: co-administered in HER-2 positive breast cancer
- Proteasome inhibitor- bortezomib, OSA and melanoma
- HDACi - velporic acid, vorinostat, romidepsin - OSA cell lines, cutaneous T- cell lymphoma
3.
What is a potential complication of proteasome inhibitor treatment?
Impaired bone growth
What is MCM7 and how does in relate to histological grade in cutaneous MCT?
IT is a novel proliferation marked for cutaneous MCT and has been found to be significantly associated with prognosis, independently of histological grade
What was sensitivity and specificity for MCM7 (new proliferation marked in canine cutaneous MCT)?
Sens -83 % and spes 86%
What is the reported sensitivity and specificity for identification of LN mets on CT to the mandibular and medial retropharyngeal LN in dogs with oral and nasal tumours?
10% sensitivity and 90% specificity
Name 4 canine cancer forms in which miRNA deregulation has been identified?
Mammary carcinoma, lymphoma, melanoma, osteosarcoma, HS, carcinoma, MCT, TCC, Oral SCC and prostate cancer
What is the role of aluminium in tumorigenesis?
Studies in cell lines have found associations between aluminium and DNB, and suggestions have been made that aluminium may contribute in an inflammatory-independent role
What would you estimate in MST for a dog with a sinonasal tumour treated with SRT?
10-20 months
(bases on the 3 papers from glasses, kubiceck and geiger.
What are the most prevalent late effects of SRT for dogs treated for sinonasal tumours?
5/29 - fistula formation and fungal rhinitis
What is the MOA of combretastatin A4-phosphate?
IT is a vascular disruption agent - safety study for dosing performed in dogs )52-75 mg/m2)
What is the effect of TOC in dogs with metastatic OSA?
Poor, a 17% reported- with DFP of 2 mnd and MST 3 mnd
What was the reported median survival time for cats with gastrointestinal MCT?
530 days = 17 months
What is the typical presentation of an intestinal MCT on ultrasound in a cat?
present in the small intestine, focal, non-circumferential, eccentric mass.
T/F there is a strong benefit of surgical removal and/or chemotherapy of primary intestinal MCT in cats
F- no significant difference was found associated with survival when comparing cats that did have surgery to not, and whose that received chemo or not.
How predictive is the use of ration-size and precontrast attenuation in predicting LN metastasis to the sternal LN on CT=
100 % specificity and predictive value.
What is the most common primary intraocular tumour in dogs?
Uveal melanoma
What is SRC, and which canine tumour has mutations been documented?
It is an oncogene and has been found in melanoma cells
What is MAO of bosutinib?
TK inhibitor
How is the inter and intraobserver agreement in histological assessment of STS=
There is good intraobserver assessment of STS (0.78-0.9), however the interobserver agreement is moderate (0.6-0.43)
