Vasopressin Flashcards

1
Q

AVP structure

A

nonapeptide with 1 internal disulphide bridge

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2
Q

where is AVP produced

A

magnocellular cells (SON & PVN)

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3
Q

what does AVP do to blood vessels

A

vasopressor agent
contracts blood vessels (anti-diuretic hormone ADH)

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4
Q

how does AVP regulate plasma osmolarity

A

hyperosmotic plasma increases AVP to form concentrated urine
hypoosmotic plasma decreases AVP to form diluted urine

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5
Q

what is normosmotic plasma

A

280-295 mOsM

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6
Q

action of alcohol on AVP

A

inhibits AVP
forms hyperosmotic plasma

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7
Q

how are aquaporins inserted into the tubule cell membrane

A

AVP released from peritubular capillary binds to V2 R on basolateral membrane
AC
cAMP
PKA
aquaporin inserted into apical membrane

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8
Q

chemoreceptors monitoring blood

A

trigger AVP and thirst
organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis - OVLT circumventricular (no BBB)

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9
Q

AVP release

A

AVP released from axons and dendrites
PHASIC bursting (burst of depolarisation)
increased frequency means increased stimulus

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10
Q

benefits of phasic activity

A

keep recruiting other AVP neurons to reduce hypoosmotic stimulus
allows prolonged AVP release

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11
Q

what does hypertonic saline cause

A

increases plasma AVP
can be reversed by drinking

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12
Q

what does failure of ADH activity cause

A

diabetes insipidus
head injury to pituitary stalk
Rat produces 20L of hypoosmotic urine a day

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13
Q

what does diabetes insipidus cause

A

thirst
polydipsia
hypovolemia
decreased bp
tachycardia

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14
Q

decreased bp in atrium, aortic arch, carotid sinus

A

AVP released
acts on V1 a R on vascular smooth muscle

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15
Q

AVP vs OT firing patterns

A

OT - bursting synchronised - spike release
AVP - phasic recruitment - maintained release

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16
Q

pair bonding in male and female prairie voles

A

females - AVP has no effect
males - AVP induces pair bonding acts on V1a R (high density in ventral forebrain)

17
Q

Gobrogge and Wang (2015) V1a R overexpression in meadow voles

A

increases time spent huddling

18
Q

old field mice vs deer mice

A

monogamous old field mice - mimic female parental care
polygamous deer mice - little/absent parental care

19
Q

AVP mRNA expression in deer mice

A

highly expressed in hypothalamus
high CNS AVP prevents parental care

20
Q

Bendesky et al., 2017

A

administer ICV AVP in old-field mice inhibits nest building

21
Q

super-region for maternal behaviours

A

MPOA & BNST (bed nucleus of the stria terminalis)

22
Q

AVP release in the amygdala vs PVN

A

central amygdala - aggressive behaviour
PVN - unaffected

23
Q

(Bosch et al., 2010) inject AVP-ant into MPOA/BNST

A

decreased maternal aggression
decreased no of attacks
decreased frequency of attacks
increases latency before attack

24
Q

AVP and OCD

A

CSF AVP correlates to OCD in children
increased V1a R expression in PVN of depressed patients
V1 a R KO causes less anxious behaviour

25
Q

ASD symptoms

A

deficits in social communication, interaction and repetitive behaviour

26
Q

(Parker et al., 2019)
phase II VANILLA trials

A

Balovaptan (V1a R antagonist)
significant improvement of ASD at high doses