Little Brain Flashcards
parasympathetic nervous system
cranio sacral outflow
has depressor effects
sympathetic nervous system
thoraco-lumbar outflow
pressor effects
enteric nervous system
distinct from PNS and SNS
>2 neurons in the efferent chain from CNS
reflex pathway in gut wall
enteroendocrine cells EECs
possess GPCRs (7 TM)
EECs release hormones (GPR119)
what is glicentin
GLP1-2 precursor and OXM precursor
in the L cells
what are the two major ganglionic networks which form the ENS
outer myenteric plexi (MP)/Auerbach’s plexus
inner sub mucous plexi (SMP)/Meissner’s Plexus
Henly’s plexus
MP
controls mostly musculature
contains many different cell bodies/fibres
SMP
controls mucosal blood/mucosal function
fewer neuronal types than MP
Dogiel classification of enteric nerves
Type I,II,III
starch type IV (SMP)
type I
flattened with 4-20 dendrites, 1 long axon - motor (synaptic neurons)
fast epsp
type II
angular, star shaped 3-10 longer dendrites
multiaxonal, sensory
after hyperpolarising (AHS) only in ENS, express Ca2+ sensor and K+ channels (IK) IPAN
type III
oval cell bodies
2-10 dendrites that ends with ganglion no single function
no ap/AH fast nicotinic synaptic inputs
what neurons do MP have
type I,II,III no type IV
low excitability
no AH
TTX sensitive spikes
what neurons do SMP have
II, III, IV
no type I
neuropeptides
VIP
NPY
CGRP
SOM
ENS excitatory NTs
ACh (ChAT)
5HT (5HT3R)
glutamate
ATP(P2XR)
all ligand gated cation channels
ENS excitatory neuropeptides
SP
neurokinins (tachykinins)
NKA/NKB - NK1/2/3 (GPCRs)
ENS inhibitory NTs
GABA
NO
ENS inhibitory neuropeptides
VIP
NPY
galanin
dynorphin (dyn)
enkephalins
somatostatin (SOM)
activate different GPCRs on epithelial and muscles cells
small intrinsic contains intrinsic neurons
12>14>2>=4
motor neurons
excitatory: ACh, SP(NK1), NKA(NK2),NKB(NK3) (4&6)
inhibitory: GABA,NO,VIP,SOM,NPY (5&7)
interneurons
ascending/descending
excitatory and inhibitory
8/9/10
sensory neurons
IPANs
cell bodies in MP(2) SMP (11)
release SP,NKA,CGRP
secretomotor neurons
12 & 14
release NPY,SOM,dyn+- Ach
secretomotor/vasodilator neurons
13
VIP/galanin
3 types of IPANs (type II and AH)
mucosal chemoreceptors - stimuli is acid/alkali
mucosal mechanoreceptors - stroking mucosa distorts MP/SMP IPAN- intramural reflex
stretch responsive neurons - distention evoked motility reflexes and secretomotor reflexes
GI diseases
cholera and rotavirus infection
Hirschsprung’s disease
diabetes mellitus
enteric neuropathy
IBS/IDS
Chagas disease (destruction of MP along length of gut and gall bladder)
symptoms of GI disease
chronic diarrhoea/constipation
secretagogues
VIP via UPAC
5HT via 5HT4R
Gs coupled GPCRs stimulate adenylate cyclase
anti-secretagogues
PYY and Y1R
Gi coupled GPCR
inhibits AC
role of cholera toxin CTX
induced intramural reflex causes electrolyte hypersecretion