Little Brain Flashcards

1
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

cranio sacral outflow
has depressor effects

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2
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

thoraco-lumbar outflow
pressor effects

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3
Q

enteric nervous system

A

distinct from PNS and SNS
>2 neurons in the efferent chain from CNS
reflex pathway in gut wall

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4
Q

enteroendocrine cells EECs

A

possess GPCRs (7 TM)
EECs release hormones (GPR119)

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5
Q

what is glicentin

A

GLP1-2 precursor and OXM precursor
in the L cells

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6
Q

what are the two major ganglionic networks which form the ENS

A

outer myenteric plexi (MP)/Auerbach’s plexus

inner sub mucous plexi (SMP)/Meissner’s Plexus

Henly’s plexus

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7
Q

MP

A

controls mostly musculature
contains many different cell bodies/fibres

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8
Q

SMP

A

controls mucosal blood/mucosal function
fewer neuronal types than MP

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9
Q

Dogiel classification of enteric nerves

A

Type I,II,III
starch type IV (SMP)

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10
Q

type I

A

flattened with 4-20 dendrites, 1 long axon - motor (synaptic neurons)
fast epsp

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11
Q

type II

A

angular, star shaped 3-10 longer dendrites
multiaxonal, sensory

after hyperpolarising (AHS) only in ENS, express Ca2+ sensor and K+ channels (IK) IPAN

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12
Q

type III

A

oval cell bodies
2-10 dendrites that ends with ganglion no single function
no ap/AH fast nicotinic synaptic inputs

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13
Q

what neurons do MP have

A

type I,II,III no type IV
low excitability
no AH
TTX sensitive spikes

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14
Q

what neurons do SMP have

A

II, III, IV
no type I

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15
Q

neuropeptides

A

VIP
NPY
CGRP
SOM

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16
Q

ENS excitatory NTs

A

ACh (ChAT)
5HT (5HT3R)
glutamate
ATP(P2XR)

all ligand gated cation channels

17
Q

ENS excitatory neuropeptides

A

SP
neurokinins (tachykinins)
NKA/NKB - NK1/2/3 (GPCRs)

18
Q

ENS inhibitory NTs

A

GABA
NO

19
Q

ENS inhibitory neuropeptides

A

VIP
NPY
galanin
dynorphin (dyn)
enkephalins
somatostatin (SOM)

activate different GPCRs on epithelial and muscles cells

20
Q

small intrinsic contains intrinsic neurons

A

12>14>2>=4

21
Q

motor neurons

A

excitatory: ACh, SP(NK1), NKA(NK2),NKB(NK3) (4&6)
inhibitory: GABA,NO,VIP,SOM,NPY (5&7)

22
Q

interneurons

A

ascending/descending
excitatory and inhibitory
8/9/10

23
Q

sensory neurons

A

IPANs
cell bodies in MP(2) SMP (11)
release SP,NKA,CGRP

24
Q

secretomotor neurons

A

12 & 14
release NPY,SOM,dyn+- Ach

25
Q

secretomotor/vasodilator neurons

A

13

VIP/galanin

26
Q

3 types of IPANs (type II and AH)

A

mucosal chemoreceptors - stimuli is acid/alkali
mucosal mechanoreceptors - stroking mucosa distorts MP/SMP IPAN- intramural reflex
stretch responsive neurons - distention evoked motility reflexes and secretomotor reflexes

27
Q

GI diseases

A

cholera and rotavirus infection
Hirschsprung’s disease
diabetes mellitus
enteric neuropathy
IBS/IDS
Chagas disease (destruction of MP along length of gut and gall bladder)

28
Q

symptoms of GI disease

A

chronic diarrhoea/constipation

29
Q

secretagogues

A

VIP via UPAC
5HT via 5HT4R

Gs coupled GPCRs stimulate adenylate cyclase

30
Q

anti-secretagogues

A

PYY and Y1R
Gi coupled GPCR
inhibits AC

31
Q

role of cholera toxin CTX

A

induced intramural reflex causes electrolyte hypersecretion