vasculitis/DM

Question 1

What drugs have been associated with causing vasculitis?

Answer 1

itraconazole

Question 2

What body locations are affected by Superficial necrolytic dermatitis?

Answer 2

footpads, mucocutaneous junctions mouth, eyes, genitalia, hocks, elbows, pinnae, axillae, groin, interdigital areas

Question 3

Which amino acids are reduced with SND?

Answer 3

proline, glutamine, threonine, alanine, citrulline, arginine

Question 4

T/F: SND is a hyper metabolic stage with exaggerated amino acid catabolism

Answer 4

T

Question 5

What other diseases can be associated with SND?

Answer 5

diabetes, hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, hyperglucogonemia secondary to a alpha-2 glucagon-secreting islet cell pancreatic tumor (per March et al 2004 JVIM) - but usually hepatic disease is primary cause. 8% in vet literature have been associated with pancreatic tumor

Question 6

How do glucogonomas affect amino acid catabolism?

Answer 6

glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis and increases amino acid catabolism, contributing to low plasma amino acid concentrations and glucose intolerance

Question 7

What are some differences between dogs with phenobarbital-induced hepatotoxicity and dogs with SND?

Answer 7

SND dogs do not usually have concurrent clinical and clinocopathological findings supportive of cirrhosis and hepatic insufficiency…whereas phenobarbitals toxicity dogs will have poor body condition, ascites, low serum albumin and BUN, normal to increased bilirubin, high fasting and post-prandial serum bile acid concentrations

Question 8

Necrolytic migratory erythema are due to______ which results in laminar high-level ___ edema and degeneration

Answer 8

degeneration of keratinocytes which results in laminar high-level epidermal edema and degeneration.

unknown pathogenesis but likely from cellular starvation or other nutritional imbalance

Question 9

what condition is necrolytic migratory erythema in humans usually associated with?

Answer 9

Necrolytic migratory erythema is a term coined to describe the rash in humans with a glucagon-secreting pancreatic tumor (glucagonoma) or, rarely, hepatic cirrhosis or other GI disorder. celiac sprue or zinc deficiency has also been associated in some patients.

EFA, zinc, biotin deficiency also proposed

Question 10

other names for hepatocutaneous syndrome?

Answer 10

necrolytic migratory erythema (human), superficial necrolytic dermatitis, metabolic epidermal necrosis