melanogenesis Flashcards
pheomelanins are yellow and red pigments and contain ____ groups that react to form ___
Pheomelanins are yellow and red pigments and contain CYSTEINE THIOL groups that react to form 5-A-cysteinyl-dopa
melanins are affected most notably by which enzymes?
tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2
mutations in which enzyme alters color expression of melanin?
mutations in Tyrp1 alters color expressed such as black melanin becoming brown or chestnut, brown becoming red or cinnamon
which melanocyte mitogens have been cultured in human keratinocytes?
basic fibroblast growth factor and endothelin-1
know this:
which cytokines stimulate ICAM-1 expression on melanocytes?
TNF-a and IL-1 stimulate ICAM-1 expression on melanocytes
know this:
Which cytokines/leukotrienes stimulate melanocyte function locally?
Which inhibits melanocyte function?
LTB4 is locally stimulating to melanocytes
IL-1, 6, 7 inhibit melanogenesis
Melanocytes are found in which part of the hair?
hair bulb
which melanocytes are always active: epidermal or hair melanocytes?
epidermal melanocytes. hair melanocytes are only active during anagen
What are the 7 genes involved in determining coat color?
- Agouti signal peptide
- beta-defensin 103
- melanocortin-1 receptor
- melanophilin
- micropthalmia-assocaited transcription factor
- tyrosinase related protein 1
- SILV (formerly PMEL17)
Lighter skin has a lower or higher rate of melanosome degradation?
lighter skin has higher levels of melanosome degradation than darker skin
Border collies: which gene is associated with deafness and amount of white hair on head?
merle gene
which immune mediated diseases affect pigment of both skin and eyes?
VKH
Cats deficient in ___ develop coat color changes and neurologic disease
Cats deficient in phenylalanine develop coat color change and neurologic disease
