Parasitic skin disease CY Flashcards
Cats are susceptible to toxic reactions to which anti parasitic products?
Pyrethroids, which are synthesized chemicals modeled after pyrethrin (most popular pyrethroid is permethrin)
What is the MOA of organophosphates?
cholinesterase inhibitor
What is the MOA of dinotefuran?
3rd generation neonicatinoid, binds to nicotinic receptors in nerve synapse causing continuous nerve stimulation and insect death. i.e. Vectra, Vectra3D
What’s the difference between Vectra and Vectra3D?
Vectra: pyriproxifen + dinotefuran; Vectra3D has the same plus permethrin
What is the MOA of fipronil?
GABA antagonist; phenylprazole class
What is the MOA of amitraz?
Amtrak is a formamidine acaricidal agent, acts via monoamine oxidase inhibitor, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, alpha-adrenergic agonist.
What is amitraz licensed for?
treatment of generalized demodicosis in the dog at concentrations of 250 ppm with application rate q 14 days
Amitraz is effective against which parasites?
demodex, Chyletiella, otodectes, sarcoptes, notoedres
List side effects of amitraz:
transient sedation, pruritus, hypothermia, bradycardia, hypotension, hyperglycemia (Xylene vehicle is suspected to contribute to toxicities)
List three topical juvenoid-type insect growth regulators:
methoprene, fenoxycarb, pyriproxifen; mimic juvenile hormones and influence the final maturation and pupation of flea larvae
What is the MOA of imidacloprid?
chloronicotinyl nitroguanidine; binds to flea’s nicotinic receptor on post-synaptic neuron and blocks impulse transmission. i.e. Advantage
What does Advantage II contain?
imidacloprid (insecticide) and pyriproxifen (IGR)
What does Advantix II contain?
imidacloprid + permethrin - toxic to cats
What does Advantage Multi contain?
imidacloprid, moxidectin - licensed in US for heart worm, fleas, GI worms, lice; EU license includes lungworms, ear mites, scabies, demodicosis
What is the MOA of metaflumizone?
semicarbazone insecticide that blocks sodium channels resulting in nerve paralysis. i.e. Promeris
T/F: Pyrethrins are effective environmental insecticidal treatments.
F: rapidly inactivated by UV light
What are pyrethrins derived from?
chrysanthemum flower oil extract; 6 active pyrethrins that are contact poisons and have fast knock down and flushing action on insects, no residual activity. toxic to bees and fish.
Neurotoxic to cats when combined with piperonyl but oxide (which forms a stable complex with Cytochrome P450 and limits metabolism by insects)
Pyrethrin vs pyrethroid vs permethrin?
Pyrethrin = volatile oil extract of chrysanthemum flower; no cholinesterase suppression.
Pyrethroid = synthesized chemicals modeled after pyrethrin; comparable activity and toxicity to pyrethrin, but contains a synergist (d-trans-allethrin, deltamethrin, resmethrin, etc)
Permethrin = one of the most popular pyrethroid products, but toxic to cats, relatively more stable in UV light
List products with repellant action:
pyrethrin, permethrin, citronella, DEET (diethyltoluamide), ethohexadiol, MGK-264, Avon Skin-so-soft fragrance, dimethyl phthalate, buttony-propylene glycol
What is Rotenone?
natural organic compound derived from Derris root, similar to pyrethrins with low toxicity, rapid action, quick degradation, as a rinse or shampoo for dogs and cats
What is the MOA of spinetoram?
alters nicotinic and GABA gated ion channels and excites insect nervous system –> paralysis and death
Lime Sulfur is effective against which parasites?
sarcoptes, notoedres, chyletiella, chiggers, fur mites, lice - NOT FLEA REPELLANT
fungicidal, bactericidal, keratolytic, antipruritic
What is the MOA of avermectins?
=macrocyclic lactones; potentiate release and effects of GABA, glutamate-gated chloride channel agonists
does not cross BBB to affect GABA in mammals (which is limited to CNS)
What is the gene associated with altered p-glycoprotein (Pgp)?
MDR1 or ABCB1;
nt230 (del4) mutation is well known across herding breeds and their crosses; so ivermectin doses higher than 0.1 mg/kg result in neurologic signs
List breeds that carry the ABCB1/MDR1 gene mutation:
collies, Aussies, shelties, silken windbound, longhaired whippet, GSD, border collie, OESD, English shepherd, McNab
What is ivermectin derived from?
avermectin B, from fermentation products of Streptomyces avermitilis
T/F: Ivermectin kills ticks
F; suppresses egg production and molting
What is milbemycin derived from?
Streptomyces hygroscopicus
What are the active ingredients in Trifexis?
milbemycin + spinosad
What is moxidectin derived from?
What is it licensed for?
Streptomyces cyaneogriseus subs. noncyanogenus
activity against flea in US …but fleas, lice, ear mites, sarcoptes, demodex in EU
cattle: licensed for nematodes, hypoderma spp., mites, lice, horn flies
What is doramectin licensed for?
treatment of nematodes, mites, lice in cattle, swine
Where does selamectin distribute to?
semisynthetic avermectin;
sebaceous glands, hair folliculitis,es, basal layer of epithelium
safe in puppies and kittens at 6 wks
What is the MOA of lufenuron?
oral IGR; benzylphenol urea compound that inhibits chitin syntehsis
What is the MOA of nitenpyram?
neonicotinoid: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to produce hyper excitability; effective in 3-4 hrs, eliminated in 48 hrs
What is spinosad derived from?
soil-dwelling bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa; acts at nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to produce hyperexcitabi;ity but does not interact with other nicotinic or GABA-ergic insecticides.
Pgp inhibitor - DO NOT USE WITH IVERMECTIN
