Vasculitis Flashcards
what is vasculitis
inflammation of blood vessels
vessels changes that occur in vasculitis
vessel wall thickening vessel wall stenosis occlusion of vessels – infarction
what are the two types of large vessel vasculitis
- Giant cell arteritis 2. Takayasu arteritis
what age group does giant cell arteritis present in
females > 50 years old
what condition do 50% of people with giant cell arteritis also have
polymyalgia reumatica
Giant cell arteritis affects which vessels
cranial branches of arteries from aortic arch
symptoms of giant cell arteritis
unilateral throbbing headache scalp tenderness jaw claudication blurred vision systemic: fever, malaise
what is a transient painless loss of vision in giant cell arteritis called
amaurosis fugax
what is seen on biopsy in giant cell arteritis
multinucleated giant cells - can have skip lesions
treatment of giant cell arteritis
prednisolone 40mg - 60mg if ocular involvement
what age group does takayasu’s arteritis present in
females <40 more common in asians
duplex ultrasound of temporal artery in GCA shows what?
halo sign
signs of takayasu’s arteritis
unequal BP in arms bruits aortic regurgitation limi claudication hypertension
treatment of takayasu’s arteritis
prednisolone 40-60mg
what is henoch schonlein purpura
IgA vasculitis - commonly affects children
presentation of henoch schonlein purpura
pupura - buttocks/lower limbs joint pain abdominal pain renal involvement - IgA nephritis
treatment of henoch schonlein purpura
supportive
what is polyarteritis nodosa
medium vessel arteritis associated with Hepatitis B
how it takayasu’s arteritis diagnosed
CT / MRI angiography
general symptoms of small vessel vasculitis
pupura - non blanching rash
arthritis
renal impairment
GI disturbance
neuropathy
p-ANCA is associated with which types of vasculitis
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (EGPA)
- Peviously known as Churg Strauss
microscopic polyangitis
what are p-ANCA antibodies also known as
MPO
Features of EGPA
Late onset asthma, rhinitis
raised eosinophil count
differences between EGPA and microscopic polyangitis
both p-ANCA +ve
- absence of eosinophilia + granulomas in microscopic polyangitis
- sparing of upper airways in microscopic polyangitis
- glomerulonephritis in 90% of microscopic polyangitis, less common EGPA
c-ANCA is associated with which type of vasculitis
Granulomatosis with polyangitis (GPA)
- previously knoen as Wegners syndrome
features of GPA
Nose bleeds, recurrent sinusitis, deafness, nasal crusting
SOB + cough - cavitating opacities on CXR
treatment of small vessel vasculitis
IV steroids + cyclophosphamide
what is kawasaki disease
medium vessel vasculitis that affects young children, typically under 5
features of kawasaki disease
- fever >5 days
- blanching rash
- conjunctivitis
- strawberry tongue (red tongue)
- red palms/soles than peel
serious complication of kawasaki disease
coronary aneurysms
treament of kawasaki disease
high dose aspirin + IV immunoglobulins
what is Behcets
systemic vasculitis
- presents with arthritis, genital ulceration + eye inflammation
- young men, typically mediterranean/asian
