Vasculitis Flashcards
How are vasculitides categorised?
Large Vessel Medium vessel Small vesselLarge Vessel Medium vessel Small vesselLarge Vessel Medium vessel Small vessel
Name 2 large vessel vasculitides:
Temporal arteritis
Takayasu’s arteritisTemporal arteritis
Takayasu’s arteritisTemporal arteritis
Takayasu’s arteritis
Name 3 medium vessel vasculitides
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Kawasaki’s disease
Buerger’s disease (Thrombangitis obliterans)Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Kawasaki’s disease
Buerger’s disease (Thrombangitis obliterans)Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Kawasaki’s disease
Buerger’s disease (Thrombangitis obliterans)
Name 4 small vessel vasculitides
Wegener's granulomatosis Churg Strauss Microscopic polyangitis Henoch Schonlein PurpuraWegener's granulomatosis Churg Strauss Microscopic polyangitis Henoch Schonlein PurpuraWegener's granulomatosis Churg Strauss Microscopic polyangitis Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Define Takayasu’s arteritis
an inflammatory disease of the large arteries. TA particularly affects the aorta, and the pulmonary artery.
BUZZWORD: Pulseless disease. Increased in Japanese womenan inflammatory disease of the large arteries. TA particularly affects the aorta, and the pulmonary artery.
BUZZWORD: Pulseless disease. Increased in Japanese womenan inflammatory disease of the large arteries. TA particularly affects the aorta, and the pulmonary artery.
BUZZWORD: Pulseless disease. Increased in Japanese women
Define Temporal arteritis
the temporal arteries, which supply blood to the head and brain, become inflamed or damaged. It is also known as cranial arteritis or giant cell arteritis.
What are the vascular symptoms in Takayasu’s arteritis?
Absent pulse Bruits ClaudicationAbsent pulse Bruits ClaudicationAbsent pulse Bruits Claudication
What are the symptoms of temporal arteritis?
Scalp tenderness Temporal headache Jaw claudication Blurred visionScalp tenderness Temporal headache Jaw claudication Blurred visionScalp tenderness Temporal headache Jaw claudication Blurred vision
What age are likely to get temporal arteritis?
Elderly
Temporal arteritis has an overlap with:
polymyalgia rheumatica
What is the histology of temporal arteritis?
Increased ESR Granulomatous transmural inflammation Giant cells Skip lesionsIncreased ESR Granulomatous transmural inflammation Giant cells Skip lesionsIncreased ESR Granulomatous transmural inflammation Giant cells Skip lesions
Define Polyarteritis nodosa
a very rare vasculitic disease which affects the medium sized vessels. It can affect any organ in the body but commonly the muscles, joints, intestines, nerves and skin are affected
Although polyarteritis nodosa can affect many organs, which does it spare?
Lungs
Which infection may patients with polyarteritis have (30%)?
Hep B
What can be seen on angiography in polyarteritis nodosa?
Microaneurysms
Define kawasaki disease
a disease in young children with an unknown cause, giving rise to a rash, glandular swelling, and sometimes damage to the heart.
Who does Kawasaki disease affect?
Children
What are the symptoms of Kawasaki disease?
Fever > 5 days
Rash - red palms and soles with later desquamation
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of lips, mouth or tongue (strawberry tongue)
Cervical LN’s
Coronary arteries may be involved with aneurysm formationFever > 5 days
Rash - red palms and soles with later desquamation
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of lips, mouth or tongue (strawberry tongue)
Cervical LN’s
Coronary arteries may be involved with aneurysm formation
What can happen to the coronary arteries in Kawasaki disease?
Aneurysm formation
Define Buergers disease
a rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. Blood vessels become inflamed, swell and can become blocked with thrombi eventually damaging or destroying skin tissues and may lead to infection and gangrene.
What is a risk factor for Buergers disease?
Heavy smokers
Men
What are the symptoms of Buergers?
Inflammation of arteries of extremities - tibial and radial
Pain
Ulceration of toes, feet, fingersInflammation of arteries of extremities - tibial and radial
Pain
Ulceration of toes, feet, fingers
What can be seen on angiogram with Buergers disease?
Corkscrew appearance from segmental occlusive lesions
Define Wegener’s granulomatosis:
inflammation of small arteries and veins (vasculitis) that classically involves the vessels supplying the tissues of the lungs, nasal passages (sinuses), and kidneys. Wegener’s granulomatosis usually affects young or middle-aged adults.
