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Year 5 Histopath > Vasculitis > Flashcards

Vasculitis Flashcards

1
Q

How are vasculitides categorised?

A 
Large Vessel
Medium vessel
Small vesselLarge Vessel
Medium vessel
Small vesselLarge Vessel
Medium vessel
Small vessel
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2
Q

Name 2 large vessel vasculitides:

A

Temporal arteritis
Takayasu’s arteritisTemporal arteritis
Takayasu’s arteritisTemporal arteritis
Takayasu’s arteritis

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3
Q

Name 3 medium vessel vasculitides

A

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Kawasaki’s disease
Buerger’s disease (Thrombangitis obliterans)Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Kawasaki’s disease
Buerger’s disease (Thrombangitis obliterans)Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
Kawasaki’s disease
Buerger’s disease (Thrombangitis obliterans)

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4
Q

Name 4 small vessel vasculitides

A 
Wegener's granulomatosis
Churg Strauss
Microscopic polyangitis
Henoch Schonlein PurpuraWegener's granulomatosis
Churg Strauss
Microscopic polyangitis
Henoch Schonlein PurpuraWegener's granulomatosis
Churg Strauss
Microscopic polyangitis
Henoch Schonlein Purpura
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5
Q

Define Takayasu’s arteritis

A

an inflammatory disease of the large arteries. TA particularly affects the aorta, and the pulmonary artery.

BUZZWORD: Pulseless disease. Increased in Japanese womenan inflammatory disease of the large arteries. TA particularly affects the aorta, and the pulmonary artery.

BUZZWORD: Pulseless disease. Increased in Japanese womenan inflammatory disease of the large arteries. TA particularly affects the aorta, and the pulmonary artery.

BUZZWORD: Pulseless disease. Increased in Japanese women

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6
Q

Define Temporal arteritis

A

the temporal arteries, which supply blood to the head and brain, become inflamed or damaged. It is also known as cranial arteritis or giant cell arteritis.

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7
Q

What are the vascular symptoms in Takayasu’s arteritis?

A 
Absent pulse
Bruits
ClaudicationAbsent pulse
Bruits
ClaudicationAbsent pulse
Bruits
Claudication
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of temporal arteritis?

A 
Scalp tenderness
Temporal headache
Jaw claudication
Blurred visionScalp tenderness
Temporal headache
Jaw claudication
Blurred visionScalp tenderness
Temporal headache
Jaw claudication
Blurred vision
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9
Q

What age are likely to get temporal arteritis?

A

Elderly

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10
Q

Temporal arteritis has an overlap with:

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

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11
Q

What is the histology of temporal arteritis?

A 
Increased ESR
Granulomatous transmural inflammation
Giant cells
Skip lesionsIncreased ESR
Granulomatous transmural inflammation
Giant cells
Skip lesionsIncreased ESR
Granulomatous transmural inflammation
Giant cells
Skip lesions
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12
Q

Define Polyarteritis nodosa

A

a very rare vasculitic disease which affects the medium sized vessels. It can affect any organ in the body but commonly the muscles, joints, intestines, nerves and skin are affected

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13
Q

Although polyarteritis nodosa can affect many organs, which does it spare?

A

Lungs

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14
Q

Which infection may patients with polyarteritis have (30%)?

A

Hep B

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15
Q

What can be seen on angiography in polyarteritis nodosa?

A

Microaneurysms

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16
Q

Define kawasaki disease

A

a disease in young children with an unknown cause, giving rise to a rash, glandular swelling, and sometimes damage to the heart.

17
Q

Who does Kawasaki disease affect?

A

Children

18
Q

What are the symptoms of Kawasaki disease?

A

Fever > 5 days
Rash - red palms and soles with later desquamation
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of lips, mouth or tongue (strawberry tongue)
Cervical LN’s
Coronary arteries may be involved with aneurysm formationFever > 5 days
Rash - red palms and soles with later desquamation
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of lips, mouth or tongue (strawberry tongue)
Cervical LN’s
Coronary arteries may be involved with aneurysm formation

19
Q

What can happen to the coronary arteries in Kawasaki disease?

A

Aneurysm formation

20
Q

Define Buergers disease

A

a rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. Blood vessels become inflamed, swell and can become blocked with thrombi eventually damaging or destroying skin tissues and may lead to infection and gangrene.

21
Q

What is a risk factor for Buergers disease?

A

Heavy smokers

Men

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Buergers?

A

Inflammation of arteries of extremities - tibial and radial
Pain
Ulceration of toes, feet, fingersInflammation of arteries of extremities - tibial and radial
Pain
Ulceration of toes, feet, fingers

23
Q

What can be seen on angiogram with Buergers disease?

A

Corkscrew appearance from segmental occlusive lesions

24
Q

Define Wegener’s granulomatosis:

A

inflammation of small arteries and veins (vasculitis) that classically involves the vessels supplying the tissues of the lungs, nasal passages (sinuses), and kidneys. Wegener’s granulomatosis usually affects young or middle-aged adults.

25
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis is a triad of:

A

1) Upper resp tract: sinusitis, epistaxis, saddle nose
2) Lower resp tract: cavitation, pulmonary haemorrhage
3) kidneys: crescentic, glomerulonephritis1) Upper resp tract: sinusitis, epistaxis, saddle nose
2) Lower resp tract: cavitation, pulmonary haemorrhage
3) kidneys: crescentic, glomerulonephritis

26
Q

What antibody is positive in Wegener’s granulomatosis?

A

cANCA (anti-PR3)

27
Q

What antibody is positive in Churg Strauss?

A

pANCA (anti-MPO)

28
Q

What antibody is positive in Microscopic polyangitis?

A

pANCA (anti-MPO)

29
Q

Define Churg Strauss

A

occurs in patients with a history of asthma or allergy and features inflammation of blood vessels in the lungs, skin, nerves, and abdomen.

30
Q

What conditions predispose churg strauss?

A

Ashtma
Allergic rhinitisAshtma
Allergic rhinitis

31
Q

What can be seen on a FBC in churg strauss?

A

Eosinophilia

32
Q

Define microscopic polyangitis

A 
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a small vessel vasculitis which primarily affects the arterioles, capillaries and venule.  Since patients with this condition often have a positive blood test known as an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), it is also a form of “ANCA-associated vasculitis”. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA/Wegener’s) is a related condition that shares features with MPA including the presence of ANCA.
The cause of MPA is not known.  This condition can affect many organ systems in the body including the skin, nerves, lungs gastrointestinal system, lungs and joints.  It is a treatable condition and the goal of therapy is to stop further damage to the organs from inflammation in the blood vessels.Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a small vessel vasculitis which primarily affects the arterioles, capillaries and venule.  Since patients with this condition often have a positive blood test known as an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), it is also a form of “ANCA-associated vasculitis”. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA/Wegener’s) is a related condition that shares features with MPA including the presence of ANCA.
The cause of MPA is not known.  This condition can affect many organ systems in the body including the skin, nerves, lungs gastrointestinal system, lungs and joints.  It is a treatable condition and the goal of therapy is to stop further damage to the organs from inflammation in the blood vessels.
33
Q

what is the syndrome within microscopic polyangitis?

A

Pulmonary renal syndrome:

Pulmonary haemorrhage
Glomerulonephritis

34
Q

Define Henoch Schonlein purpura

A

a disorder that causes inflammation and bleeding in the small blood vessels in your skin, joints, intestines and kidneys. The most striking feature of Henoch-Schonlein purura is a purplish rash, typically on the lower legs and buttocks.

35
Q

What normally preceeds Henoch Schonlein purpura

A

URTI

36
Q

Who does Henoch Schonlein purpura effect?

A

children under 10

37
Q

What is the pathophys of Henoch Schonlein purpura?

A

IgA mediated vasculitis

38
Q

What are the symptoms of Henoch Schonlein purpura?

A

Palpable purpuric rash (lower limb extensors + buttocks)
Colicky abdo pain
Glomerulonephritis
Arthritis
Orchitis (inflammation of one or both of the testicles)

Year 5 Histopath (17 decks)

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