Sarcoidosis Flashcards
Define sarcoidosis:
a chronic disease of unknown cause characterized by the enlargement of lymph nodes in many parts of the body and the widespread appearance of non-caseating granulomas derived from the reticuloendothelial system.
How is sarcoidosis characterized?
non-caseating granulomas in many tissues
Who is most likely to get sarcoidosis?
Young adults
Afro-caribbeans
Females
What is the histopath of sarcoidosis?
Non-caseating granulomas
Schaumann bodies
Asteroid bodies
What organ is most commonly involved in sarcoidosis?
Lungs
Detected at routine X-ray
What can be seen on X-ray in sarcoidosis?
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Pulmonary infiltrates –> fine nodular shadowing in mid zones
What are differentials for bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy?
Sarcoidosis
TB
lymphoma
bronchial cancer
How do patients with sarcoidosis present?
Insidious SOB
Cough
Chest pain
Night sweats
How is sarcoidosis diagnosed?
DIAGNOSIS OF EXCLUSION
What are the extrapulmonary manifestations in sarcoidosis?
1) SKIN erythema nodosum, lupus pernio, skin nodules
2) LYMPH: lympghadenopathy, painless and rubbery
3) JOINTS: arthritis, bone cysts
4) EYES: anterior uveitis –> misting of vision and painful red eye
posterior uveitis –> progressional visual loss
Uveoparotid fever = bilateral uveitis, parotid enlargement +/- facial nerve palsy
5) HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY
6) LEUKOPAENIA/ANAEMIA
7) HYPERCALCAEMIA/HYPERCALCIURIA: leads to renal calculi + nephrocalcinosis
8) MYOCARDIAL INVOLVEMENT: dysrythmias, cardiomyopathy, conduction defects
9) CNS involvement
10) KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA + LACRIMAL GLAND ENLARGEMENT
What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca?
also called dry eye syndrome or keratitis sicca, is an eye disease caused by eye dryness, which, in turn, is caused by either decreased tear production or increased tear film evaporation.
What will investigations in sarcoidosis show?
Increased Ca
Increased ESR,
Increased ACE
A transbronchial biopsy may also be taken
