Vasculature of the Neck Arteries and Veins

Question 1

Describe the path of the Posterior Auricular V.

Answer 1

• Branches from the External Jugular v. (superiorly)
• Branches from the Retromandibular v. (posteriorly)
• Travels inferiorly to the ear lobe and posteriorly to the ear.
• Drains from behind the ear to the Retromandibular v.

Question 2

Describe the path of the Retromandibular v.

Answer 2

• Branches superiorly from the External Jugular v. travleing to the anterior surface of the mandible
• Drains from deep to the mandible to the anterior of the ear to the External Jugular v.

Question 3

Describe the path of the Facial v.

Answer 3

• Branches from the External Jugular v. (superiorly)
• Travels superiorly to the anterior surface of the mandible
• Can drain into:

Ext. Jug. v.

Ant. Jug. v.

Int. Jug. v.

Question 4

Describe the path of the Anterior Jugular V.

Answer 4

• Runs inferiorly and superiorly and bilaterally to the Thyroid Cartilage/Layngeal prominence (adams apple)
• Drains from the Submental and the Facial v.

Question 5

Describe the path of the External Jugular v.

Answer 5

• Runs inferiorly and superiorly, anterior to the SCM, bilaterally of the neck
• Retromandibular v. drains into it from superiorly
• Drains into the Subclavian v

Question 6

Name the 3 deep vessels (arteries) of the neck

Answer 6

3 Deep arteries:

Common Carotid a.

Internal Carotid a.

External Carotid a.

Question 7

Where does the Common Carotid a. originate from?

Answer 7

The R Common carotid a. originates form the Brachiocephalic a

The L Common carotid a. originates directly from the Aortic Arch

Question 8

Where do both Carotids ascend to?

Answer 8

Both common carotids ascend to the level of the superior border of the Thyroid cartilage where they bifurcate into the internal and external carotid aa.

Question 9

Where is the Carotid Sinus located in the Common Carotid a.and what kind of receptor is it?

Answer 9

It is the dilatation in the area of bifurcation of the Common Carotid a.(extending into the internal carotid).

Mechano and sensory receptor

Question 10

What vertebral level is the Carotid Sinus located?

Answer 10

Vertebral Level C3-C4

Question 11

Explain the receptor morphology of the Carotid Sinus.

Answer 11

Specialized r/c cell and nerve endings therfore sensory r/c.

Mechanoreceptors (respond to physical external chngs) which lead to responses to changes in BP in carotid system ie Baroreceptors.

Baroreceptors monitor changes in: Increases in BP increases the rate of nerve implulses which can result in vasodilation and decreased HR —> lowering BP

Question 12

Explain the innervation of the Carotid Sinus

Answer 12

Innervation:

Sinus branch of lX (9) Cranial n. Glossal Pharyngeal n.

Some Vagus n. Xll (12) Cranial n.

Question 13

Explain the Carotid Sinus reflex

Answer 13

Increase of BP—> + carotid sinus—> + lX (9) n. –> CNS–> vasodilation—> decrease in HR—> decrease BP

Question 14

Explain how the Carotid sinus responds to mechanical pressure.

Answer 14

Any change in mechanical pressure ie. externally pressing on the sinus– such outside stimulus can result in:

Activation of Carotid Sinus reflex

Inapropiate changes in Cardio Vascular function

Question 15

Explain the location of the Carotid Body of the Common Carotid a. and what kind of receptor is it?

Answer 15

The Carotid Body is located near and behind the bifurcation and is 2-5mm in size

Sensory r/c

Question 16

Explain the receptor morphology of the Carotid Body of the Common Carotid a.

Answer 16

It has specialized receptors cells, (Chemoreceptors), nerve endings, rich capillary bed.

Chemoreceptors monitor changes in : Blood Chem. O2 and CO2 indirectly

Question 17

Explain how the Carotid Body of the Common Carotid a. is innervated.

Answer 17

Innervated:

Sinus Branch of lX (9) n.-Cranial n.-Glossal pharyngeal n.

Question 18

Explain the location of the Internal Carotid a. and what does it supply?

Answer 18

From the carotid bifurcation, it travels deep (no branches) and superiorly t the base of the skull.

It enters the skull via the carotid canal and is distributed to (in the skull):

Brain

Eye ball & other orbital structures

-No defined branches in the neck-

Question 19

What are the 8 major branches of the External Carotid Artery?

Answer 19

8 major branches:

Superior Thyroid a

Ascending Pharyngeal a

Lingual a

Fascial a

Posterior Auricular a

Maxillary a (deep to the mandible)

Superficial Temporal a