Muscles of the Neck and Head/Face

Question 1

Platysma m.

Answer 1

O: Superfificial Fascia of neck and skin of deltoid & pectoral regions

I: Mandible and tissues around the mouth

A: Muscles of facial expression-Helps to depress the mandible, lower lip and angle of mouth, tighten &wrinkle the skin of the ant/lat neck.

N: Facial nerve, cervical branch, cranial n. Vll

Question 2

Sternocleidomastoid m. (SCM)

Answer 2

O:Sternal Head

Clavicular Head-lrgr and broader

I: Mastoid process and occiput (lat. part of Superior Nuchal Line)

A: Unilateral contraction (1or the other)

 Ipsilateral flexion and contralateral rotation of the neck     and head.

 Bilateral (both) flexion of the neck and small extension of head.

N: Cranial nerve Xll, accessory nerve, motor innervation and sensory, C2 (C3).

Question 3

Sternohyoid m.

Answer 3

• Infrahyoid m–speech and swallowing
• Anterior of the neck, bilateral, and medial to the Omohyoid m.

O: Manubrium

I: Body of the Hyoid

N: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)

A: Depresses Hyoid

Question 4

Sternothyroid m.

Answer 4

• Infrahyoid m–speech and swallowing
• Anterior and bilaterally of the neck, deep to the Sternohyoid and Omohyoid mm. just superoir to the clavicle

O: Manubrium

I: Thyroid Cartilage

A: Depresses Thyroid Cart,

N: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)

Question 5

Omohyoid m.

Answer 5

-Infrahyoid m –speech and swallowing

-Anterior and bilateral of neck lateral to the Sternothyroid m. has 3 attachments

O: Inf. Belly-Scapula (Sup. Border)

• _ Sup. Belly_*-Tendinous”sling” from clavicle which keeps the angle of the two bellies

I: Inf. Belly- Tendinous “sling” on clavicle

• Sup. Belly*- Body of Hyoid

A: Depresses Hyoid

N: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)

Question 6

Thyrohyoid m.

Answer 6

-Infrahyoid m –speech and swallowing

-Anterior, bilateral of the neck and lateraly, inferiorly to the hyoid

O: Thyroid Cart.

I: Great Cornu of the Hyoid

A: Depresses hyoid and elevates thyroid Cart.

N: Ventral Rami n. Xll, Hypoglosseal n (C1)

Question 7

Digastric m.

Answer 7

• Speech and Swallowing
• Inferior of mandible and posterior of mental protuberance, bilateral (2 pairs) inferior lateral mandible, intermediate connective tendon, has 3 attachments

O: Ant. Belly- Inner mandible (near symphysis)

 *_Post. Belly_*- Mastoid process

I: Intermediate tendon held by tendinous “sling” to hyoid

A: Protracts retracts, and elevates hyoid; assists to depress mandible

N: Ant. Belly-V nerve-Trigeminal n.

Post. Belly- Vll nerve - Facial nerve

Question 8

Stylohyoid m.

Answer 8

• Speech and Swallowing
• Parallels the posterior digastric and ant. to post. belly of m bilateral (2 pairs), tendon of insertion usually splits and passes on either side of the intermediate tendon of the digastric m

O: Styloid process of temporal bone

I: Hyoid bone

A: Elevates and retracts hyoid

N: Vll nerve- Facial nerve

Question 9

Mylohyoid m

Answer 9

• Speech and Swallowing
• Inferior posterior of mandible(surface area), anterior of body, deep to the anterior digastric m (submental triangle) has 2 bellies L and R forms the floor of the oral cavity

O: Body of mandible (inner surface)

I: Median Raphe ( seam of tendon b/t the 2 bellies) and hyoid

A: Elevates hyoid and floor of oral cavity

N: Trigeminal nerve V

Question 10

Geniohyoid m.

Answer 10

• Speech and Swallowing
• Genion means “chin” which is posterior surface of mandible. Superior to the mylohyoid m

O: Inner mandible (near symphysis menti)

I: Hyoid

A: Elevates and protracts the hyoid

N: C1 via Xll nerve-Hypoglosseal

Question 11

Anterior Scalene m

Answer 11

-3 pairs, bilateral and deep anterior of neck

O: Anterior tubercles of TP. of C3-C6

I: First Rib (Ant.)

A: Elevates 1st rib; Ipsilateral flexion of neck

N: Lower cervical ventral rami

Question 12

Middle Scalene m

Answer 12

O: Posterior tubercles of TP’s C2-C7

I: First rib (laterally)

A: Elevates 1st rib; Ipsilateral flexion of neck

N: Lower cervicals ventral rami

Question 13

**Posterior scalene m **

Answer 13

O: Posterior tubercles of TPs C4-C6

I: Second rib (laterally)

A: Elevates 2nd rib; Ipsilateral flexion of neck

N: lower cercial ventral rami

Question 14

Scaleneous minimis m

Answer 14

-Small if present

**O: **Posterior tubercles of TPS of C6 or C7

I: First rib

A: Elevates forst rib; Ipsilateral flexion of neck

N: Lower cervical ventral rami

Question 15

Longus Colli m

Answer 15

-Deep mm of the neck immediately bilaterallly adj. to vertebral column

O: C3-T3 TPs and bodies

I: C1-C6 TPS and bodies

A: Flex and rotate neck

N: C2-C7 ventral rami

Question 16

Longus Capitus m

Answer 16

-Lateral to the Longus colli m, bilateral of the neck

**O: **TPs of C3-C6

I: Occiput (basilar portion)

A: Flexion of the head

N: C1-C3 ventral rami

Question 17

Rectus Capitus Ant. m

Answer 17

-Deep m inferior of the occiput and superior of the C1

O: TP of C1 and lateral mass

I: Occiput (basilar portion)

A: Flexion and fine tuning postions of head

N: C1-C2 ventral rami

Question 18

Rectus Capitis Lateralis m.

Answer 18

-Deep m inferior of the occiput an superior of C1

O: TPS of C1

I: Occiput (jugular process)

A: Ipsilateral flexion and fine tuning positons of the head

N: C1-C2 ventral rami