Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Define endocarditis

A

infection of the cardiac valves

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2
Q

Define bacteraemia

A

bacteria in the bloodstream

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3
Q

Give 3 dental origins of endocarditis/bacteraemia

A

abscess
periodontal disease
dental maniplulations

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4
Q

Give the names of the 3 superior branches of the aortic arch (R to L)

A

Right brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

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5
Q

What does the right brachiocephalic trunk bifurcate to become?

A

The right subclavian and the right common carotid

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6
Q

Which muscle splits the bilateral subclavian arteries into 3 parts?

A

the scalenus anterior

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7
Q

What nerve lies over the scalenus anterior?

A

The phrenic nerve

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8
Q

Describe the 3 parts of the subclavian artery

A

1st part - medial to the scalenus anterior
2nd part - deep to the scalenus anterior
3rd part - lateral to the scalenus anterior

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9
Q

Give the 4 branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery

A

internal thoracic
thyrocervical trunk
inferior thyroid artery
vertebral artery

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10
Q

What do the vertebral arteries supply?

A

the brain

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11
Q

What do the internal thoracic arteries supply?

A

the anterior parts of the intercostal spaces

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12
Q

Where does the common carotid bifurcate into the internal and external carotid?

A

At the level of the hyoid bone - can feel carotid sinus

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13
Q

Where does the internal carotid enter the skull and what does it predominantly supply?

A

Enters through the carotid canal, supplies and middle and anterior parts of the brain

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14
Q

What does the external carotid exit?

A

The carotid sheath

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15
Q

How many named branches does the external carotid give off within the neck

A

8

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16
Q

Give the 8 named branches of the external carotid

A
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
17
Q

What is the acronym for the 8 named branches of the external carotid?

A
Some 
Anatomists
Like 
Fries
Others
Prefer
Mashed
Spuds
18
Q

What is contained within the carotid sinus?

A

baroreceptors for monitoring blood pressure

19
Q

What is the carotid body?

A

A peripheral chemoreceptor

20
Q

What nerve supplies the carotid body and carotid sinus?

A

the glossopharyngeal nerve (CNIX)

21
Q

From which artery does the inferior alveolar artery branch off?

A

the 1st part of the maxillary artery

22
Q

Explain the drainage of the facial vein

A

The FACIAL VEIN joins with the ANTERIOR DIVISION OF THE RETROMANDIBULAR VEIN to become the COMMON FACIAL VEIN, which drains into the INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

23
Q

Explain the drainage of the maxillary vein

A

The MAXILLARY VEIN drains into the RETROMANDIBULAR VEIN which has:
an ANTERIOR DIVISION that joins with the FACIAL VEIN to form the COMMON FACIAL VEIN which drains to the INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
a POSTERIOR DIVISION which joins the POSTERIOR AURICULAR VEIN and drains into the EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN

24
Q

Describe the major veins of the heart and the branches

A

Superior vena cava –> R and L brachiocephalic veins –> R and L subclavian veins and R and L internal jugular veins.
R and L external jugular veins terminate into the R and L subclavian veins

25
Q

Describe the 4 valves of the heart

A

Mitral valve (pt left)
Tricuspid valve (pt right)
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve

26
Q

Explain the clinical concept of endocarditis

A

Bacteria of dental origin –> travels through the bloodstream –> reaches susceptible heart valves –> causes bacterial endocarditis –> can damage heart valve –> leads to heart murmur –> can lead to heart failure

27
Q

The inferior alveolar vein drains into what vein?

A

The maxillary vein