Vasculature Flashcards
What are the 4 parts of the vertebral artery?
cervical intrapetrosal intracavernous Cerebral (intracranial)
What main artery provides anterior circulation to the brain
Internal carotid artery
What are the main 7 branches of the Internal Carotid Artery?
Hypophysial Artery Ophthalmic arteries Middle cerebral artery Anterior choroidal artery Posterior Communicating artery Anterior Cerebral Artery Anterior Communicating Artery
What artery supplies subcortical structures in the temporal lobe including the choroid plexus
Anterior choroidal Artery
What artery emerges from lateral fissure
Middle Cerebral Artery
What artery supplies insula of Reil
Middle Cerebral Artery
What artery has cortical branches that supply cortex and subcortical white of the lateral surface of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes and lateral side of inferior frontal lobe
Middle cerebral Artery
What artery is located in the longitudinal fissure?
Anterior cerebral Artery
What Artery has cortical branches (gray and subcortical white) supply medial side of frontal and parietal lobes and medial side of orbital surface of frontal lobe (olfactory bulb & tract); corpus callosum
Anterior Cerebral Artery
What part of the vertebral artery is non elastic?
Fourth part
Before the vertebral artery enters the subarachnoid space at the level of the foramen magnum it must first pierce what membrane?
posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
What are the 4 branches of the Vertebral artery?
Anterior spinal artery
Posterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
What are the main branches of the Basilar artery?
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) Internal auditory artery Pointing artery Superior cerebellar artery Posterior cerebral artery
What artery passes through the tentorial notch?
Posterior Cerebral artery
Arteries from the Basilar artery wrap in what direction around the brainstem
posteriorly
What artery supplies inferior aspect of temporal lobe (includes hippocampus),
occipital lobe and parts of midbrain
Posterior cerebral artery
What are the 5 wrap around arteries?
Posterior spinal artery Posterior inferior cerebellar artery Anterior inferior cerebellar artery Superior cerebellar artery Posterior cerebral artery
The wrap around arteries supply what areas?
Dorsal lateral areas of their respective sections
What arteries supply the Cerebrum?
Middle cerebral A.
Anterior cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
What arteries supply the cerebellum?
Superior cerebellar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
What arteries supply the brainstem?
Pantone branches
Anterior spinal artery
What are the branches that make up the circle of Willis?
Posterior cerebral artery Posterior communicating artery Internal carotid artery Anterior cerebral artery Anterior communicating artery
What are the branches of the circle of Willis and the proximal part of the middle cerebral artery called?
Central (ganglionic/penetrating) branches
What are the four groups of the Central (ganglionic/penetrating) branches?
Anteromedial
Anterolateral (aka lateral striate or lenticulostriate)
Posteromedial
Posterolateral
What do the 4 groups of the Central (ganglionic/penetrating) branches supply
they supply diencephalic areas, internal capsule, basal ganglia, and midbrain
The internal capsule is supplied by what 3 arteries?
Lateral striate (lenticulostriate) branches of middle cerebral artery
Medial striate branch of anterior cerebral artery
Branches of anterior choroidal artery
Why does the brain need a constant flow rate of blood?
Because brain does not effectively store oxygen or glucose
What is it called when arterioles directly controls the contraction of smooth muscle
Intra luminary pressure
What is the cone range for arterial BP for the brain in terms of global cerebral flow?
65 - 140 mmHg
What type of Flow varies in response to local neuronal activity and therefore local metabolic demand
Regional blood flow
What are the 3 main functions of the Blood-Brain Barrier
Modulation of the entry of metabolic substrates
Control of ion movements
Prevention of access to the CNS by toxins
Brain damaged by hypertension, ischemia, infection, or cerebral tumors causes what?
B-B barrier to breakdown
What kind of capillaries make up the B-B barrier?
Continuous capillaries
Endothelial cells in the B-B barrier contain enzymes for what?
ion and metabolite transport
What are Circumventricular organs?
organs have no blood-brain barrier
What are the 3 Circumventricular organs?
Area postrema
Neurohypophysis
Pineal
