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Neuroanatomy Test1 > Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

The axons from the base of pyramidal neurons release what neurotransmitter?

A

Glutamate

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2
Q

Where do axons from the base of pyramidal neurons go to in general?

A

Other parts of the brain or cord

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3
Q

What is an atypical neuron called?

A

Fusiform

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4
Q

What is the first layer of the cortical layers called?

A

Molecular

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5
Q

What is the second layer cortical called?

A

External Granular layer

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6
Q

What is the third layer cortical called?

A

External Pyramidal

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7
Q

What is the fourth layer cortical called?

A

Internal Granular layer

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8
Q

What is the fifth layer cortical called?

A

Internal pyramidal Layer

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9
Q

What is the sixth layer cortical layer called?

A

Multiform

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10
Q

Distribution of _____, rather than cell body, is indicative of input to the neuron

A

dendrites

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11
Q

T/F the six cortical layers are present though out the cerebrum

A

True- but the thickness varies

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12
Q

T/F the thickness of the six cortical layers is the same throughout the cerebrum

A

False- it varies but all layers are the same

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13
Q

Cortical layer IV receives input from what?

A

Thalmus

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14
Q

Cortical layer VI sends out to where?

A

Thalmus

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15
Q

Cortical layer V sends outputs to where?

A

Subcoritcal areas ie. The rest of the body

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16
Q

Cortical layer I receives input from where

A

Association and commissural fibers

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17
Q

Cortical Layers II and Layer III project to?

A

Other area of the cortext

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18
Q

When are cortical columns established?

A

During the fetal life

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19
Q

What does it mean when neurons are modality specific?

A

They are activated selectively from same area but respond to a specific receptor.

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20
Q

The gray matter found on the surface of the outer cortex makes up what portion of the grey matter?

A

1/3 of the grey matter

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21
Q

What type of cortex is associated with olfaction

A

Paleocortex

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22
Q

What type of cortex is associated with medial and surface structures such as the hippocampus

A

archicortex

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23
Q

What type of cortext makes up 90% of the hemispheres and is most developed in humans

A

neocortex

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24
Q

When are the synapses made between cortical columns?

A

During the first year of life

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25
Q

Microglial cells serve what purpose?

A

Phagocytic defense

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26
Q

Astrocyte cells serve what purpose?

A

Provide communication network providing integration and regulation of the brain function
help with blood brain barrier

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27
Q

Oligodendrocyte cells serve what purpose?

A

myelinate CNS axons

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28
Q

Ependymal cells serve that purpose?

A

line ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

29
Q

What are the three macroglial cells

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
Ependymal cells

30
Q

The neocortex is made up of what 3 types of fibers?

A

Association
Commissural
Projection

31
Q

What fiber type interconnects cortical areas with the same area?

A

Association

32
Q

What fiber type interconnects cortical areas within opposite hemispheres?

A

Commissural

33
Q

What fiber type connects corical areas to subcortical structures?

A

Projection

34
Q

What type of fibers would be found in the anterior commisure and corpus callosum

A

Commisural

35
Q

Projection fibers leave the cerebrum through what?

A

Internal capsule

36
Q

Before projection fibers leave the cerebrum through the internal capsule the gather around the capsule to what is known as what?

A

Corona Radiata

37
Q

The cortex of the frontal lobe is associated with what?

A

motor responses, Judgement, foresight, and moods associated with behavior.

38
Q

The cortex of parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes are associated with what?

A

reception, and conceptual elaboration of sensory data

39
Q

What lobe performs cognitive tasks and control voluntary movement?

A

Frontal lobe

40
Q

What lobe handles memory, hearing and language

A

Temporal lobe

41
Q

What lobe enables body sensation and generates understanding of where your body is in space.

A

Parietal

42
Q

What lobe handles vision?

A

Occipital

43
Q

What cortex analyzes environments and make relationships between different stimuli?

A

Association cortex

44
Q

How many Brodman’s areas are there?

A

52

45
Q

What area is the primary motor cortex?

A

Area 4

46
Q

What area is Broca’s speech area?

A

Area 44,45

47
Q

What area is in charge of programming; complex movements involving multiple joints?

A

premotor area 6 (lateral surface)

48
Q

What area is in charge of motor planning and increases in blood flow during mental processing prior to actual movement.

A

supplementary area 6 (medial surface)

anterior cingulate gyrus area 24

49
Q

What initiates voluntary saccades?

A

frontal eye field

50
Q

What area receives general somatic sensations, input from spindles and GTOs, as well as superficial and deep receptors?

A

Primary Somatosensory (area 3,1,2; post central gyrus and paracentral lobule)

51
Q

What lobule is composed of area 5 and 7, and is responsible for integration of sensory modalities such as tactile and visual stimuli for complex somatosensory responses?

A

Superior lobule of the parietal lobe.

52
Q

What lobule is composed of supramarginal gyrus (area 40) and angular gyrus (area 39)?

A

Inferior lobule of the parietal lobe.

53
Q

What area is in charge of language processing?

A

Angular Gyrus (area 39)

54
Q

What area is in charge of integration of tactile, muscular, articular and kinesthetic afferents?

A

Supramarginal gyrus (area 40)

55
Q

What area organizes retinal input into blocks of images?

A

Primary visual cortex (area 17)

56
Q

What areas are responsible for visual recognition, visual examination, and organizes visual significance?

A

Areas 18 and 19 (association?)

57
Q

What are the two pathways that are associated with area 19?

A
  • Lateral Pathway

- Ventral Pathway

58
Q

What area is responsive to movement perception, 3-D vision, and spatial sense.

A

Lateral Pathway (area 19)

59
Q

What area is responsive to forms (shapes), faces, colors, recognition?

A

Ventral Pathway (area 19)

60
Q

What area receives auditory input?

A

Primary Auditory (areas 41 and 42) transverse gyro of Heschl

61
Q

What area is in charge of speech perception and integration of visual with auditory input?

A

Auditory Association area 21 and 22

62
Q

What area is composed of the uncus and anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus

A

Perform area

63
Q

What area is composed of the parahippocampal area that is in charge of short term memory

A

Limbic system

64
Q

What area is composed of the Wernicke’s area and angular gyrus in charge of visual and temporal association cornices

A

Receptive area

65
Q

What area is composed of opercularis and triangularis?

A

Expressive speech area 44-45

66
Q

The right hemisphere is associated with what?

A

Communicative and emotional prsody

67
Q

What area has Extensive connections with other lobes, thalamus, and limbic system; concerned with highest brain functions such as abstract thinking, decision-making, anticipating the effects of particular courses of action, and social behavior

A

Prefrontal cortex (area 9-12)

68
Q

What area is concerned with intellectual abilities such as concentration, conceptualizing, planning, judgment, and problem solving; Essential for conscious learning and operates ‘working memory

A

Lateral association area 9

Neuroanatomy Test1 (6 decks)

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