Cranial Cavity, Meninges and CSF Flashcards
What part of the floor of the cranial cavity cradles the frontal lobe
The anterior cranial fossa
What part of the floor of the cranial cavity cradles the temporal lobe?
Middle Cranial fossa
What part of the floor of the cranial fossa cradles the cerebellum and the brain stem?
Posterior Cranial fossa
What bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?
Ethmoid, Frontal bone, and Sphenoid bone
What bones make up the middle cranial fossa?
Spheroid bone, and temporal bone,
What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?
Occipital bone, and part of the temporal bone
What are the meningeal layers from superficial to deep?
Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia mater
The Dura Pater splits into what two layers?
Meningeal
endosteal
What specialized piece of Dura mater separates the two hemispheres of the brain and attaches superiorly on the brain
Falx Cerebri
What specialized piece of Dura matter attaches to the four clenoid process for the pituitary.
Diaphragma sella
What specialized piece of dura mater sit on the Occipital crest and split the brain into two hemispheres
Falx cerebelli
What specialized piece of dura mater sits over the cerebellum splitting the cerebellum from the cerebrum
tentorium cerebelli
If there is a Herniation in a space then the what will happen to the structures in the space?
They will shift
What are the four cisterns
Superior cistern
Cisterna magna
Pontine cistern
Interpenduncular
If there is an Uncal Herniation what cranial nerve would be compromised?
Oculomotor nerve Cranial nerve 3
If there is a tonsillar Herniation what major structure would be compromised?
Medulla
Where is the site of fluid transfer in the cranial meninges?
The Arachnoid granulations
Describe Arachnoid mater
Mesh-like
Semi-transparent
What space contains the CSF and blood vessels in the meninges
Subarachnoid space
T/F the cranial meanings does not have an epidural space
True
During development what arises from the leptomeninges
Pia and arachnoid
Where do lymphatic vessels in the dura empty?
Into the deep cervical nodes
What are the three meningeal arteries?
Ophthalmic, Occipital and vertebral arteries
What provides innervation for the meninges above the tentorium cerebelli
Meningeal branches of trigeminal nerve (CN V)
What provides innervation for the cranial meanings below the tentorium cerebelli
Meningeal branches of cervical spinal nerves 1-3
What part of the midbrain goes through the free margin of the tentorial notch?
Rostral part of the midbrain
What are the two major functions of CSF
- Protection and support
- Pathway for metabolites
How can one tell if a patients choroid plexi are calcified
They appear in x-rays
What kind of tissue lines the choroid plexus?
Ciliated Simple cuboidal epithelium,
The choroid plexus is the expansion of ____ lining the ventricles
Ependymal epithelium
After CSF is produced in the Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles, how does the CSF enter the third ventricle?
Through the interventricular foramina
Tight junctions of the epithelial cells on the choroid plexus form what?
The blood CSF barrier
What is the purpose of the blood-CSF barrier?
To regulate the transport of macromolecules
CSF production is mediated by the exchange and transport of ____ across the epithelium
Ions (CL-, Na+, HCO3)
What is the purpose of the osmotic gradient in the choroid plexus?
Drives H2O from the blood and into the ventricular lumen
The 5 secondary ventricles are remnants of what embryological structure?
Neural tube
The lateral ventricles are remnants of what neural tube structure?
Telencephalon
What secondary vesicle is remnant of the diencephalon?
Third ventricle
The Cerebral aqueduct is remnant of what neural tube structure?
Mesencephalon
What secondary vesicle is remnant of the both the mesencephalon and myelencephalon?
The fourth ventricle
The caudal part of the myelencephalon and spinal cord make up the ____ in adults
Central canal
CSF from the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles and the third ventricles flows to the fourth ventricle through what structure?
Cerebral Aqueduct
CSF enters the Subarachnoid space through what openings from the fourth ventricle?
The median aperture and lateral apertures
CSF is found in what meningeal space?
The Subarachnoid space
CSF leaving the median aperture enters what cistern?
Cisterna Magna
CSF leaving the lateral apertures enters what cistern?
Pontine cistern
Once CSF leave the SA space through the glymphatic system it enters 3 pathways. What are the path ways?
- Arachnoid granulations
- Villi of spinal veins in IVFs
- Perineurial sheaths of cranial and spinal nerves and olfactory bulb (across the cribiform plate to the nasal submucosa)
