Vasculature

Question 0

Veins

Answer 0

Carry blood to the heart very slim compared to arteries

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Carry blood away from the heart very thick compared to veins

Question 2

Capillaries

Answer 2

Exchange I vessels

Question 3

Adult humans have ___ miles of blood vessles

Answer 3

60,000 miles

Question 4

%of blood in each system
Pulmonary circulation
Heart
Systematic circulation
-arteries
-veins
-capillaries

Answer 4

Pulmonary:18%
Heart:12%
Circulation:70%
-arteries:13%
-veins:64%
-capillaries:5%

Question 5

Arterioles

Answer 5

Very small branches off the aorta( smallest arteries)
Primary resistance vessels in system
Reduce MAP(93mmHg to 37mmHg)
Concert pulsatilla pressure to constant
Variable distribute cardiac output among organs( vasoconstriction and vasodilatation)

Question 6

Vasoconstriction

Answer 6

Increased contraction of circular smooth muscle in the arteriolar wall which increases resistance and decreases blood flow through

Question 7

Vasodilatation

Answer 7

Decreased contraction of circular smooth muscle in the arteriolar wall which leads to decreased resistance and increased flow of blood

Question 8

Vasoconstriction triggers

Question 9

Vasodilation triggers

Question 10

Innervation of arterioles

Answer 10

Parasympathetic Innervation in penis and clitoris only!!!!
Sympathetic Innervation depending on which adrenergic receptor is expressed a1 receptors- constriction
B2 receptors- dilation

Question 11

Capillaries

Answer 11

The exchange vessel only tunica introns .5 mm thick found every where but… Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, epithelial tissues, cornea and lens

Question 12

Sphincters on capillaries aloe for the amount of blood circulating through them.

Answer 12

Contracted, little blood. Relaxed, full of blood

Question 13

Bulk flow

Answer 13

Balance of inward and outward pressures determines direction of flow. Capillary blood pressure, plasma-colloid osmotic pressure, IFC hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure

Question 14

Exchange in capillaries

Answer 14

Bulk flow or passive diffusion down the concentration gradient

Question 15

Protein filaments in smooth muscle

Answer 15

Thick myosin- long
Thin actin- have tropomyosin but not troponin
Intermediate filaments- do not participate directly in contraction, part of cytoskeleton framework

Question 16

What do you do to smooth muscle to activate since there is no troponin?

Answer 16

Must be phosphorylation by calcium

Question 17

Poorly developed SR in smooth muscle… Where does ca come from?

Answer 17

Ca comes from ECF through voltage gated dihydropyridine receptors

Question 18

Myosin kinase

Answer 18

Phosphorylates myosine

Question 19

Myosin phosphatase

Answer 19

Dephosphorylates myosin

Question 20

Blood pressure equation

Answer 20

CO=HRxSV

BP= COxPR

Question 21

Total blood flow equation

Answer 21

Q= DP(pressure gradient)/PR(resistance)

Question 22

Factors that increase total blood

Flow

Answer 22

Increase in cardiac output

Vasodilation( less resistance)

Question 23

Factors that decrease total blood flow

Answer 23

Decrease in cardiac output

Vasoconstriction( more resistance)

Question 24

Systolic pressure with pressure cuff

Answer 24

Pressure at which the sound is first heard when artery is unblocked

Question 25

Diastolic pressure with pressure cuff

Answer 25

When sounds disappear. The brachial artery remains open

Question 26

Mean arterial pressure(MAP)

Answer 26

MAP= diastolic pressure+pulse pressure/3

Pulse pressure= systolic pressure-diastolic pressure

Question 27

When u work ou you loose blood in…

Answer 27

Kidney, abdominal organs, other

Question 28

When you work out the blood increases in…

Answer 28

Brain, heart, skin, skeletal muscles

Question 29

Short term blood pressure regulation

Answer 29

Neural circuitry

Baroreceptors