Vascular Terminology Flashcards
Powerpoint #1
2 risks of plaque
risk of embolization (clots)
risk of hypoperfusion to vessel walls (lesions)
one of the major causes of MI, CAD, angina
Atherosclerosis.
inner layer walls of arteries covered in yellowish plaque (lipids, cholesterol, etc)
this condition starts as a fatty strake and gradually builds to. a fibrous plaque or atheromatous lesion
atherosclerosis.
this disorder. is characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls. It reduces blood supply to. cerebrum/lower extremities, and is. seen w aging, HTN, and nephrosclerosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and scleroderma
arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are used interchangeably? true or false
true
difference is atherosclerosis. is a type of arteriosclerosis
what are 2 main types of plaque.
uncomplicated and. complicated
uncomplicated plaque mostly uniform lip and cellular deposit covered by sub endothelial tissue cap
complicated. is made up of plaque. disturbed by degenerative process
thin walled. capillaries are known as
vasa vasorum.
complicated plaque Is a __________process… (6) characteristics
degenerative process
necrosis
hemorrhage
calcification
thinning or disruption of fibrous cap
disruption of endothelial layer
ulceration
most heart attacks and sudden deaths occur with formation of _______
clot. The clot further narrows the stenosis within minutes or seconds and can narrow 80-100%
foam cells aka
fat macrophages.
calcific/dense lesions look. like on an echo
appear as bright echoes on an US… calcific plaque will always give off shadowing
dense plaque may or may not give off shadowing.
diff between calcific vs dense plaque on echo
dense may or may not give. off shadowing
calcific. will give off shadowing
this. type of plaque has a. higher. collagen content than fatty plaque and produces a moderately echogenic image
fibrous plaque
this type of plaque may be very difficult to see in US and contains a large amount of lipid material and appears very. low in echogenicity
fibrofatty plaque
soft plaque. looks like.
darker echo. appearance that m ay refer to fatty or fibrous lesions
describing lesions… intimal thickening what is
a small amount. of soft. plaque along arterial wall…
IMT (intima and media thickness) increases. with age but values less than 0.8mm correlate well with the lack of CAD. Thickening greater than 0.8mm may represent the. earliest changes of atherosclerotic dz. Usu refers to carotid system.
intimal. thickening greater than
0.8mm correlate with CAD
3 ways to describe lesions
- circumferential
- scattered diffuse - various places along vessel wall
- focal - opposite of diffuse (treatment: angioplasty)
true. lumen. vs. residual. lumen
true lumen: refers to actual. wall
residual. lumen: referes to. area of vessel that s actually. allowing blood flow.
false lumen is. a term used to describe. what
used. to refer to dissection and is between the. dissection flap and vessel wall
different types of lesions… smooth vs _______
homogenous vs ________
irregular
heterogeneous
Describing lesions… stenosis vs occlusion
stenosis aka obstruction… reduces normal dimensions of blood vessel.
occlusion refers to. lesion. that is completely blocking blood flow in vessel
stenosis and obstruction more dangerous than
occlusion
2 methods for plaque characterization… what is their purpose
- blush characterization
- international classification system
determine the degree of echogenicity w/in the visualized plaque
plaque characterization is a key component in determining what?
treatment plans and interventions
international plaque classification system.. types 1 and 2 associated with
intraplaque hemorrhage and/or ulceration
considered unstable or vulnerable
subject to abrupt increase in size following hemorrhage or embolization
usu found in symptomatic pts w/ stenosis >70% in diameter
international plaque classification system.. types 3 and 4
generally composed of fibrous tissue and/or calcification
generally more benign type of plaque
plaque more stable
common to see in asymptomatic pts
more common to see echogenic (homo) plaques than sonolucent (hetero)
color coding map that displays wide range of velocities
variance
laminar flow
typical blood flow seen in normal artery where blood flow in central portion of lumen is moving. faster than blood moving next to arterial w all
used to sign blood flow at a certain velocity with a specific color
tag
venous anatomy coapt
to meet/join. normal veins should be compressible w probe pressure or internal pressure changes
venous anatomy recanalized
channel of blood flow that has formed through blood clot . More indicative of a chronic blood clotWhat
channel of blood flow that is more indicative of a chronic blood clot
recanalized
venous anatomy
blood clot obstructs the vessels lumen but it does not completely block it
which is more dangerous chronic or acute thrombosis
acute
chronic thrombus echo. appearance
tend to be brightly echo dense, heterogenous, striated echoes with a small. atrophied. appearance of vessel…
pulsatility _____ vs ______
sharp vs dampened
acute thrombus echo appearance
tend to. look softly echogenic, homogenous, lightly. speckled echoes. with a distended vessel… these signs are compatible with each. pathological process but not absolute. indicators
sharp vs dampened pulsatility based on
based on the amount of peripheral resistance those vessels are facing (vascular bed they are feeding)
multiphase vs. monophasic blood flow… where is each one normal… abnormal ?
multiphasic is normal in extremities (monophonic abnormal)
monophasic is normal in carotid, hepatic artery (multiphasic abnormal)
Is there CW in. vascular?
no
