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fall '24 exams > Vascular Terminology > Flashcards

Vascular Terminology Flashcards

Powerpoint #1

1
Q

2 risks of plaque

A

risk of embolization (clots)
risk of hypoperfusion to vessel walls (lesions)

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2
Q

one of the major causes of MI, CAD, angina

A

Atherosclerosis.

inner layer walls of arteries covered in yellowish plaque (lipids, cholesterol, etc)

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3
Q

this condition starts as a fatty strake and gradually builds to. a fibrous plaque or atheromatous lesion

A

atherosclerosis.

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4
Q

this disorder. is characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls. It reduces blood supply to. cerebrum/lower extremities, and is. seen w aging, HTN, and nephrosclerosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and scleroderma

A

arteriosclerosis

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5
Q

atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are used interchangeably? true or false

A

true

difference is atherosclerosis. is a type of arteriosclerosis

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6
Q

what are 2 main types of plaque.

A

uncomplicated and. complicated

uncomplicated plaque mostly uniform lip and cellular deposit covered by sub endothelial tissue cap

complicated. is made up of plaque. disturbed by degenerative process

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7
Q

thin walled. capillaries are known as

A

vasa vasorum.

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8
Q

complicated plaque Is a __________process… (6) characteristics

A

degenerative process

necrosis
hemorrhage
calcification
thinning or disruption of fibrous cap
disruption of endothelial layer
ulceration

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9
Q

most heart attacks and sudden deaths occur with formation of _______

A

clot. The clot further narrows the stenosis within minutes or seconds and can narrow 80-100%

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10
Q

foam cells aka

A

fat macrophages.

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11
Q

calcific/dense lesions look. like on an echo

A

appear as bright echoes on an US… calcific plaque will always give off shadowing

dense plaque may or may not give off shadowing.

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12
Q

diff between calcific vs dense plaque on echo

A

dense may or may not give. off shadowing
calcific. will give off shadowing

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13
Q

this. type of plaque has a. higher. collagen content than fatty plaque and produces a moderately echogenic image

A

fibrous plaque

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14
Q

this type of plaque may be very difficult to see in US and contains a large amount of lipid material and appears very. low in echogenicity

A

fibrofatty plaque

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15
Q

soft plaque. looks like.

A

darker echo. appearance that m ay refer to fatty or fibrous lesions

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16
Q

describing lesions… intimal thickening what is

A

a small amount. of soft. plaque along arterial wall…
IMT (intima and media thickness) increases. with age but values less than 0.8mm correlate well with the lack of CAD. Thickening greater than 0.8mm may represent the. earliest changes of atherosclerotic dz. Usu refers to carotid system.

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17
Q

intimal. thickening greater than

A

0.8mm correlate with CAD

18
Q

3 ways to describe lesions

A
  1. circumferential
  2. scattered diffuse - various places along vessel wall
  3. focal - opposite of diffuse (treatment: angioplasty)
19
Q

true. lumen. vs. residual. lumen

A

true lumen: refers to actual. wall
residual. lumen: referes to. area of vessel that s actually. allowing blood flow.

20
Q

false lumen is. a term used to describe. what

A

used. to refer to dissection and is between the. dissection flap and vessel wall

21
Q

different types of lesions… smooth vs _______
homogenous vs ________

A

irregular
heterogeneous

22
Q

Describing lesions… stenosis vs occlusion

A

stenosis aka obstruction… reduces normal dimensions of blood vessel.

occlusion refers to. lesion. that is completely blocking blood flow in vessel

23
Q

stenosis and obstruction more dangerous than

A

occlusion

24
Q

2 methods for plaque characterization… what is their purpose

A
  1. blush characterization
  2. international classification system

determine the degree of echogenicity w/in the visualized plaque

25
Q

plaque characterization is a key component in determining what?

A

treatment plans and interventions

26
Q

international plaque classification system.. types 1 and 2 associated with

A

intraplaque hemorrhage and/or ulceration
considered unstable or vulnerable
subject to abrupt increase in size following hemorrhage or embolization
usu found in symptomatic pts w/ stenosis >70% in diameter

27
Q

international plaque classification system.. types 3 and 4

A

generally composed of fibrous tissue and/or calcification
generally more benign type of plaque
plaque more stable
common to see in asymptomatic pts
more common to see echogenic (homo) plaques than sonolucent (hetero)

28
Q

color coding map that displays wide range of velocities

A

variance

29
Q

laminar flow

A

typical blood flow seen in normal artery where blood flow in central portion of lumen is moving. faster than blood moving next to arterial w all

30
Q

used to sign blood flow at a certain velocity with a specific color

A

tag

31
Q

venous anatomy coapt

A

to meet/join. normal veins should be compressible w probe pressure or internal pressure changes

32
Q

venous anatomy recanalized

A

channel of blood flow that has formed through blood clot . More indicative of a chronic blood clotWhat

33
Q

channel of blood flow that is more indicative of a chronic blood clot

A

recanalized

34
Q

venous anatomy

A

blood clot obstructs the vessels lumen but it does not completely block it

35
Q

which is more dangerous chronic or acute thrombosis

A

acute

36
Q

chronic thrombus echo. appearance

A

tend to be brightly echo dense, heterogenous, striated echoes with a small. atrophied. appearance of vessel…

37
Q

pulsatility _____ vs ______

A

sharp vs dampened

37
Q

acute thrombus echo appearance

A

tend to. look softly echogenic, homogenous, lightly. speckled echoes. with a distended vessel… these signs are compatible with each. pathological process but not absolute. indicators

38
Q

sharp vs dampened pulsatility based on

A

based on the amount of peripheral resistance those vessels are facing (vascular bed they are feeding)

39
Q

multiphase vs. monophasic blood flow… where is each one normal… abnormal ?

A

multiphasic is normal in extremities (monophonic abnormal)

monophasic is normal in carotid, hepatic artery (multiphasic abnormal)

40
Q

Is there CW in. vascular?

A

no

fall '24 exams (6 decks)

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