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fall '24 exams > cardiovascular exam #3 > Flashcards

cardiovascular exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

all of the following affect flow volume except

A

flow direction

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2
Q

which of the following varies directly with flow volume?
-pressure gradient
-tube length
-fluid viscosity
-fluid direction

A

pressure gradient

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3
Q

according to poiseuille’s law, which of the following varies directly with flow volume?
-tube diameter
-tube length
-fluid viscosity
-fluid direction

A

tube length

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4
Q

According to poiseuille’s law, which of the following varies inversely with flow volume?
-pressure gradient
-tube diameter
-tube length
-fluid direction

A

tube length.

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5
Q

According to poiseuille’s law, which of the following varies inversely. with flow volume?
-pressure gradient
-tube diameter
-fluid viscosity
-fluid direction

A

fluid viscosity

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6
Q

As the pressure gradient increases, flow volume

A

increases

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7
Q

as tube diameter increases, flow volume

A

increases

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8
Q

As fluid viscosity increases, flow volume

A

decreases

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9
Q

According to poiseuille’s law, which of the following has the greatest effect on flow volume?

A

tube diameter

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10
Q

All of the following will increase overall flow resistance in a tube except
-decrease tube radius
-increase fluid viscosity
-increase tube length
-change in flow direction

A

change in flow direction

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11
Q

Which of the following will have the greatest effect on overall flow resistance?

A

tube radius

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12
Q

flow in which fluid layers slide over each other in a smooth, orderly manner is

A

laminar

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13
Q

laminar flow is considered

A

normal

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14
Q

the type of flow where all velocities are equal at all radical distances from the center of the tube is

A

inlet

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15
Q

inlet flow is also called

A

plug

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16
Q

the type of flow where the fluid particles move smoothly and are parallel to one another is

A

laminar

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17
Q

the type of flow that may develop at an area of stenosis or vessel bifurcation is

A

disturbed

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18
Q

all of the following are types of laminar flow except

A

turbulent

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19
Q

the type of flow present when fluid particles move in multiple directions and velocities is

A

turbulent

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20
Q

turbulent flow is considered

A

abnormal

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21
Q

the number that may be used to predict when turbulent flow will occur is

A

Reynolds

22
Q

for cardiovascular applications which of the following have the greatest effect on when turbulent flow will occur?

A

flow speed, tube diameter

23
Q

the principle that suggests that there will be an increase in kinetic energy with a decrease in pressure at the site of an obstruction is

A

Bernoulli

24
Q

the Bernoulli equation predicts a (the)

A

pressure gradient

25
Q

In clinical imaging ultrasound, all of the following components of the Bernoulli equation are ignored except

A

(V2) squared

26
Q

The simplified Bernoulli equation is

A

4 x (V2) squared

27
Q

All of the following are considered pitfalls of the simplified Bernoulli equation except

A

short, discrete stenosis

28
Q

The pressure gradient between the right ventricle and the right atrium in a patient with a tricuspid regurgitation velocity of 3.0 m/s is

A

36 mm Hg

29
Q

The peak aortic velocity in a patient with valvular aortic stenosis is determined to be 5.0 m/s. The left ventricular outflow tract velocity is 2.0 m/s. The peak pressure gradient utilizing the lengthened Bernoulli equation is

A

84 mm Hg

30
Q

All of the following are possible clinical pitfalls when using the simplified Bernoulli equation of 4 x (V2)squared except:
-ignoring the V1 velocity
-tunnel like stenosis
-stenosis in a series.
-ignoring convective acceleration

A

ignoring convective acceleration

31
Q

All of the following may cause a discrepancy between a Doppler derived pressure gradient and a cardiac catheterization derived pressure gradient except:
-comparison of the cardiac cath peak to peak gradient with the Doppler peak pressure gradient
-failure to consider the proximal velocity
-pressure recovery phenomenon
-interception blood flow at 0 degrees

A

intercepting blood flow at 0 degrees

32
Q

The inability of the heart to meet the metabolic demands of the body is

A

congestive heart failure

33
Q

All of the following may cause of congestive heart failure except:
-aortic dilatation
-myocardial damage
-pressure/volume overload
-diastolic dysfunction

A

aortic dilatation

34
Q

Aortic stenosis initially results in a

A

ventricular pressure overload

35
Q

pulmonary stenosis initially results in a

A

ventricular pressure overload

36
Q

mitral stenosis initially results in a

A

pressure overload of the left atrium

37
Q

tricuspid stenosis initially results in a

A

right atrial pressure overload

38
Q

aortic regurgitation initially results in a

A

ventricular volume overload

39
Q

pulmonary regurgitation initially results in a

A

ventricular volume overload

40
Q

mitral regurgitation initially results in a

A

volume overload of the left heart

41
Q

tricuspid regurgitation initially results in a

A

volume overload of the right heart

42
Q

an atrial septal defect will result in a volume overload of all of the following except

A

left atrium

43
Q

a ventricular septal defect will results in a volume overload of all of the following except

A

right ventricle

44
Q

a patent ductus arteriosus will result in a volume overload of all of the following except

A

right ventricle

45
Q

intrinsic pulmonary disease may result in

A

cor pulmonale

46
Q

cardiac tamponade may result in all of the following except:
-diastolic equalization of intracardiac pressures
-systolic equalization of intracardiac pressures
-diastolic collapse of the right atrium
-inferior vena cava plethora

A

systolic equalization of intracardiac pressures

47
Q

constrictive pericarditis may result in all of the following except:
-abnormal thickening of the pericardium
-decreased ventricular diastolic filling
-decreased stroke volume
-ventricular volume overload

A

ventricular volume overload

48
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy initially results in a

A

left ventricular pressure overload

49
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy initially results in a

A

volume overload of the ventricles/atria

50
Q

Identify

A

fall '24 exams (6 decks)

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