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Cross Sectional Anatomy > Vascular Supply to the Brain > Flashcards

Vascular Supply to the Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Which arteries is the arterial supply primarily supplied by?

A

Vertebral & internal carotid arteries

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2
Q

The vertebral arteries enter via ______ _____ and ascend onto the surface of _____ to the lower border of the ____

A

Foramen magnum, medulla, pons

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3
Q

The vertebral arteries unite to form what structure?

A

Basilar artery

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4
Q

Where do the internal carotids enter via?

A

Carotid canal in base of skull.

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5
Q

Right and left vertebral arteries are branches of what arteries?

A

Subclavian arteries.

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6
Q

The vertebral arteries travel through what structure of the vertebrae?

A

Transverse foramina beginning @ C6

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7
Q

What are the 3 branches of the vertebral arteries?

A
  • Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • Superior cerebellar artery
  • Posterior cerebral arteries
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8
Q

What does MIPs stand for? Why are they useful?

A

Maximum intensity projection images

They’re useful when wanting to visualise a lot of vascular structures on a single image.

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9
Q

The basilar artery bifurcates to form what arteries?

A

2 posterior cerebral arteries.

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10
Q

What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Occipital lobe of brain

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11
Q

Basilar artery is the site of what?

A

Most common aneurysm in brain - berry aneurysm.

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12
Q

The internal carotid arteries commence at the bifurcation of _____ _____ at the level of T_

A

Common carotid

T4

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13
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery lie to the external carotid artery?

A

Initially lies lateral too ext. carotid but quickly passes medial and posterior?

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14
Q

What 2 structures does the internal carotid artery ascend with?

A

Internal jugular vein & vagus nerve

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15
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery enter the skull?

A

carotid canal in petrous temporal bone

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16
Q

Are there branches of the internal carotid in the neck?

A

No

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17
Q

What does the internal carotid artery divide into at the end? (terminal branches)

A

Anterior & Middle cerebral arteries?

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18
Q

What artery originates from the internal carotid after the emergence from cavernous sinus?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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19
Q

Where is the Circle of Willis located?

A

Interpeduncular cistern

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20
Q

What does the circle of willis enclose?

A

Optic chiasm & infundibulum

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21
Q

Which is the smallest of the terminal branches of the ICA?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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22
Q

Where does the anterior cerebral artery enter the brain?

A

Longitudinal interhemispheric fissure

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23
Q

What structures does the anterior cerebral artery supply? (6)

A
  • Medial surface of frontal & parietal lobes.
  • Corpus collosum (genu)
  • Nucleus caudatus (head)
  • Internal capsule (ant. limb)
  • Putamen, Globus pallidus
  • External capsule.
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24
Q

What structure does the ant. cerebral artery travel along the upper surface of?

A

Corpus collosum.

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25
Q

The anterior cerebral artery divides into what 3 parts?

A

A1, A2, A3

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26
Q

Where are the A1,A2,A3 segments of ant. cerebral artery located?

A

A1: region of optic nerve, horizontal
A2: Interhemispheric fissure, before rostrum of corpus collosum, vertical
A3: Genu of corpus collosum, distal

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27
Q

What 2 arteries does the A3 segment of ACA divide into?

A

Pericallosal artery

Callosmarginal artery

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28
Q

Where does the middle cerebral artery lie and what does it supply?

A

Lies in lateral sulcus & supplies lateral surface of frontal, parietal & temporal lobes.

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29
Q

Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery results in what?

A

Contralateral motor & sensory paralysis of face & arm

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30
Q

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) gives off central branches to supply ____ ___

A

Internal capsule

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31
Q

Which artery is referred to as the artery of cerebral haemorrhage?

A

Middle cerebral artery

32
Q

What are the 4 parts of the middle cerebral artery?

A

M1, M2, M3, M4 segments

33
Q

M1 segment travels from the Internal carotid artery to the ___ ___

A

lateral fissure

34
Q

M2 segments is the ___ component and designates branches located inside the ____ ___

A

Insular

Sylvian fissure

35
Q

M3 segment is ____ and denominates the branches between the top of ____ fissure & _____ cortex

A

Opercular
sylvian
cerebral

36
Q

M4 segment is ____ & refers to arterial branches on surface of ____ ____

A

cortical

cerebral cortex

37
Q

The posterior cerebral arteries arise from the division of which artery?

A

Basilar artery

38
Q

Where do the posterior cerebral arteries end?

A

Above tentorium in calcarine sulcus.

39
Q

How many segments in the posterior cerebral arteries?

A

4

40
Q

P1 segment courses from ____ artery to the _____ ____ artery & passes over the ____ nerve

A

Basilar
posterior communicating
oculomotor (III)

41
Q

P2 segment begins with _____ ____ artery & curves around _____ (____ cistern) to go near the ____ nerve above the _____ cerebelli

A 
posterior communicating 
midbrain 
ambient
trochlear (IV)
tentorium
42
Q

P3 segment travels briefly through the _____ cistern

A

quadrigeminal

43
Q

P4 segment ends in _____ fissure

A

calcarine

44
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply? (7)

A
  • midbrain
  • thalamus
  • post. limb internal capsule
  • optic tract
  • choroid plexus & cerebral peduncles
  • splenium corpus collosum
  • inferomedial temporal lobe & large part occipital lobe.
45
Q

Occlusion of posterior communicating artery causes?

A

Blindness in contralateral visual field.

46
Q

The anterior communicating artery (ACOM) arises from which artery?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

47
Q

The ACOM demarcates the junction between what 2 structures?

A

A1 & A2 segments of ant. cerebral artery

48
Q

The Posterior communicating artery (PCOM) originates from what?

A

Post. aspect of C7 segment of ICA

49
Q

What does PCOM anastomose with?

A

Ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery

50
Q

The venous drainage system is divided into 3 sections, name these.

A

Superficial
Deep
Dural venous sinuses

51
Q

Where do the veins of the head drain into?

A

Dural sinuses

52
Q

What structures do the dural sinuses drain into?

A

Jugular veins

53
Q

Superficial veins of the brain drain into what?

A

Superior portion of cerebral cortex

54
Q

The superficial veins drain into what?

A

Superior sagittal sinus.

55
Q

Name the 3 unpaired venous sinuses

A

Superior sagittal
inferior sagittal
straight

56
Q

Name the 3 paired venous sinuses

A

Transverse
Sigmoid
Cavernous

57
Q

Whats the largest dural venous sinus?

A

Superior sagittal

58
Q

Where is the superior sagittal sinus located?

A

Between falx cerebri & calvarium/ cranial bones

59
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinus receive blood from?

A

Cortical veins

60
Q

What does the superior sagittal sinus become continuous with?

A

Right transverse sinus

61
Q

Where does the inferior sagittal sinus lie?

A

Inferior border of falx cerebri

62
Q

What veins does the inferior sagittal sinus receive from the medial surface of the hemisphere?

A

Cerebral veins

63
Q

What structure does the inferior sagittal sinus join to form the straight sinus?

A

The great cerebral vein ( vein of Galen)

64
Q

The union of the two ____ _____ veins forms the vein of Galen

A

Internal cerebral

65
Q

Where is the straight sinus located?

A

At the junction of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli

66
Q

Where and what does the straight sinus become continuous with?

A

Left transverse sinus near the internal occipital protuberance

67
Q

Where does the transverse sinus lie?

A

In the groove of the inner surface of occipital bone, along post. attachment of tentorium cerebelli.

68
Q

The transverse sinus curves down into the post. cranial fossa to follow a curved course as the ____ sinus

A

sigmoid

69
Q

What 3 sinuses does the transverse/sigmoid sinus drain?

A

superior, occipital & straight

70
Q

Sigmoid sinus follows an _-shaped path that loops over the ____ & ____ portions of the jugular foramen

A

S
petrous
mastoid

71
Q

What dos the sigmoid sinus continue as when passing through jugular foramen?

A

Internal jugular vein

72
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus located?

A

Each side of the body of sella turcica

73
Q

Cavernous sinus receives venous blood from the ____ & ____ cerebral veins

A

ophthalmic

middle

74
Q

What is the cavernous sinus drained by?

A

petrosal sinuses that drain into sigmoid sinus/jugular vein

75
Q

What structure enters the cavernous sinus through foramen lacerum?

A

ICA

Cross Sectional Anatomy (6 decks)

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