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Cross Sectional Anatomy > MRI & CT anatomy of the brain > Flashcards

MRI & CT anatomy of the brain Flashcards

1
Q

Out of grey and white matter, which is located in the periphery and which Is deep?

A

Grey matter is in the periphery

White matter is deep

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2
Q

Grey matter deep within the brain is called?

A

Basal ganglia

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3
Q

In the spinal cord which is located centrally and what forms the bulk of the superficial parts?

A

Grey matter is located centrally.

White matter forms bulk of superficial parts.

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4
Q

What are the elevated ridges in the brain?

A

Gyri

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5
Q

What are the small grooves dividing the ridges of the brain?

A

Sulci

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6
Q

What does the central sulcus divide?

A

Frontal lobe from the parietal

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7
Q

What’s the name of the groove that divides the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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8
Q

What groove separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

Transverse fissure

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9
Q

What groove divides the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes?

A

Sylvian fissure

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10
Q

What 2 structures does the sylvan fissure accommodate?

A

Middle cerebral arteries

Insular cortex

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11
Q

What shape does the parietal-occipital fissure have when it joins the calcarine sulcus ?

A

Letter Y placed sideways

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12
Q

What is the parietal lobe bounded by anteriorly and posteriorly?

A
  • Ant. central sulcus

- post. parietal-occipital sulcus

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13
Q

What structure does the occipital lobe overly?

A

Tentorium cerebelli.

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14
Q

How many gyri does the insult have?

A

5

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15
Q

What separates the nasal cavity from the brain?

A

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

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16
Q

What’s the order of the brainstem?

A

1 midbrain
2 pons
3 medulla oblongata

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17
Q

What does the midbrain connect?

A

Pons & cerebellum to diencephalon

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18
Q

Where does the midbrain lie?

A

In the gap in the tentorium cerebelli.

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19
Q

How many colliculi does the post. surface of the midbrain have?

A

4

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20
Q

What rests between the 2 superior colliculi?

A

Pineal gland

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21
Q

What is located internally In the midbrain? (2)

A

Substantia nigra & red nucleus.

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22
Q

What is the largest part of the hindbrain called?

A

Cerebellum.

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23
Q

What are the 4 components of the cerebellum?

A
  • 2 lateral cerebellar hemispheres
  • median vermis
  • horizontal fissure
  • tonsils
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24
Q

What do the tonsils of the cerebellum overhand?

A

They overhang the foramen magnum on each side of the medulla oblongata.

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25
Q

What does the cerebellum control? (3)

A

Balance, regulation of posture & muscle tone.

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26
Q

What is a cerebellar peduncle?

A

It’s a nerve tract that permits communication between the cerebellum & other parts of CNS.

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27
Q

What are the 3 cerebellar peduncles?

A

Superior, middle, inferior.

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28
Q

What does the diencephalon consist of?

A

It comprises of the hypothalamus & thalamus.

29
Q

What ventricle does the diencephalon surround?

A

3rd Ventricle.

30
Q

Where is the thalamus situated?

A

Lateral wall of 3rd ventricle, it extends from the inter ventricular foramen rostrally to the midbrain caudally.
Below the thalamus.

31
Q

What type of nuclei is the thalamus composed of?

A

Relay nuclei.

32
Q

Where is the hypothalamus situated?

A

It forms the floor of the 3rd ventricle.

33
Q

What does the hypothalamus include? (3)

A

Optic chiasma, infundibular stalk,

maxillary bodies.

34
Q

What type of nerve activity is the hypothalamus associated with?

A

Autonomic.

35
Q

Which is the largest? Hypothalamus or thalamus?

A

Thalamus.

36
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A

Body temp, emotion, ANS.

37
Q

What is the infundibular stalk also known as?

A

Pituitary stalk.

38
Q

What do the basal ganglia consist of? (2)

A

Corpus striatum and Claustrum

39
Q

What is the corpus striatum composed of? (3)

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

40
Q

What nucleus do the putamen and globes pallidus form?

A

Lentiform nucleus.

41
Q

What is the globus pallidus involved in?

A

Regulation of voluntary movement.

42
Q

What are the 4 white matter tracts?

A
  • Corpus collosum,
  • Fornix,
  • Internal capsule,
  • Anterior & posterior commissures.
43
Q

What are the 4 areas of the corpus collosum?

A

Genu, rostrum, body & splenium.

44
Q

What are the most anterior and posterior portions of the corpus collosum?

A

Anterior: genu
posterior: splenium

45
Q

The fornix carries signals from where to where?

A

From the hippocampus to the hypothalamus.

46
Q

Why is the internal capsule one of the most important parts of the cerebral white matter?

A

It contains nerve fibres which pass to and from the cerebral cortex and lower levels of neuraxis.

47
Q

What is the anterior commissure?

A

Bundle of nerve fibres connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres across the midline.

48
Q

What is CSF secreted by?

A

Epithelium

49
Q

Where does the CSF cover?

A

Choroid plexus in the lateral, 3rd & 4th ventricles.

50
Q

Where does the CSF drain into?

A

Subarachnoid space from the roof of the 4th ventricle before being reabsorbed.

51
Q

What structure does the CSF pass through from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle?

A

Cerebral aqueduct (of sylvius)

52
Q

What shape is the 4th ventricle when viewed from above and from the side?

A

Above: diamond
Side: tent.

53
Q

What 3 parts do the lateral ventricles have?

A

Anterior horn
Body
Posterior horn

54
Q

What is the septum pellucidum (lucidum)?

A

Thin triangular, vertical membrane separating the anterior horns of the right and left lateral ventricles of the brain.

55
Q

Where does the septum pellucidum run?

A

Runs as a sheet from corpus collosum down to fornix.

56
Q

Name the 5 basal cisterns.

A
  • Cisterna magna
  • prepontine (anterior to pons)
  • interpeduncular (basal)
  • ambient
  • suprasellar
57
Q

Where does the cisterna magna lie?

A

Between the cerebellum and dorsum of medulla.

58
Q

Where does the cisterna magna receive CSF from?

A

Foramen of magendie/ median aperture of 4th ventricle.

59
Q

What artery does the prepontine cistern contain?

A

Basilar

60
Q

Where does the prepontine cistern receive CSF from?

A

Foramen of luschka / lateral aperture of 4th ventricle.

61
Q

What structure does the interpeduncular cistern contain?

A

Circle of willis.

62
Q

Where is the interpeduncular cistern located?

A

Between paired temporal lobes of brain, between 2 cerebellar peduncles.

63
Q

What 2 structures does the ambient cistern contain?

A

Great cerebral vein & pineal gland.

64
Q

What are 2 other names for the ambient cistern?

A

superior cistern/ quadrigeminal cistern.

65
Q

Where is the ambient cistern located?

A

Occupies the space between the splenium of corpus collosum and superior aspect of cerebellum.

66
Q

Where is the suprasellar cistern located?

A

Above the sella turcica, under hypothalamus.

67
Q

What 3 structures does the suprasellar cistern contain?

A

Optic chiasma, pituitary stalk & polygons of Willis.

68
Q

Name the 4 folds of the dura mater and what they separate

A
  • Falx cerebri: cerebral hemispheres
  • Falx cerebelli: cerebellar hemispheres
  • Tentorium cerebelli: divides cranial cavity into supra & infra tentorial compartments
  • Diaphragm sellae: covers sella turcica and forms roof over pituitary fossa

Cross Sectional Anatomy (6 decks)

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