Vascular Plants Flashcards
What is a type of plant cell that is connected to a sieve tube element by many plasmodesmata and whose nucleus and ribosomes may serve one or more adjacent sieve tube elements?
companion cell
What is the waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that prevent water loss?
cuticle
What is a rigid, supportive plant cell type usually lacking a protoplast and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity?
sclerenchyma cell
What is the point along the stem of a plant at which leaves are attached?
node
What is the vascular bundle in a leaf?
vein
What is the cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the apical meristem?
root cap
What is the relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesis and stores organic products, and develops into a more differentiated cell type?
parenchyma cell
What is a type of growth characteristic of most animals and some plant organs, in which growth stops after a certain size is reached?
determinate growth
What is transpiration?
the evaporative loss of water from a plant
What is the vascular plant organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structures?
stem
What is the protective coat that replace the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth, formed of the cork and cork cambium?
periderm
What is the type of growth characteristic of plants, in which the organism continues to grow as long as it lives?
indeterminate growth
What dye is commonly used for staining?
Methylene blue
What is the outermost layer in the vascular cylinder, from which later roots arise?
periderm
What is the innermost layer of the cortex that surrounds the vascular cylinder?
endodermis
What is the ground tissue between the vascular tissue and dermal tissue in a root or dicot stem?
cortex
What is the bud at the tip of a plant stem?
apical bud
What is an epidermal cell that is highly specialized, often hairlike outgrowth on a plant shoot?
trichome
What organs do vascular plants have?
Stem, leaf, root
What tissues do vascular plants have?
Ground, dermal, vascular tissue
What is the function of ground tissue?
Metabolism + storage
What is the function of dermal tissue?
Protection
What is the function of vascular tissue?
Transport
What are the cells in vascular tissue?
Parenchyma. Sclerenchyma, Collenchyma
What cells are found in dermal tissue?
Guard cells, cuticle, periderm, epidermis, trichomes*
What is the difference between the leaves of monocots and dicots?
Monocot = parallel veins; Dicot = Netlike veins
What is the difference between the vascular bundle of monocots and dicots? What is the difference in their arrangement?
Monocot = cookie; Dicot = Ring
What is the difference between the roots of monocots and dicots?
Monocot = fibrous; Dicot = has Taproot
What is the difference between the flower of monocots and dicots?
Monocot = groups of 3; Dicot = 4-5
What are the parts of a root?
Taproot, lateral root
What are root hairs for?
Absorption and increased surface area
What are the different specialized functions roots have? Give 5 examples.
prop root (corn), storage root (Radish, turnip), strangling root (orchids), buttress root (tropical rainforest trees), pneumatophores (mangroves)
What is the difference between an apical and axillary bud?
Apical = youngest, at shoot tip (pinaka taas); Axillary = at the axil of the lead
What are the different specialized functions stems have? Give 3 examples.
rhizomes (turmeric), runners (strawberries), tubers (potato)
Leaves are primarily responsible for _____.
photosynthesis
Stems are primarily responsible for _____.
support
Roots are primarily responsible for _____.
absorption and anchorage
Why do roots grow first?
Because it is essential for growth and anchoring the plant
What are the different specialized functions of leaves? Give 4 examples.
spines, storage, reproductive, tendrils (pea plant)
What is that “hair like” structure in the experiment of the hairy pod?
trichomes
What are the 2 basic ground tissues?
pith and cortex
Give 2 examples of dermal tissue besides the epidermis.
cuticle, periderm, endodermis, root hair
What are the 2 basic vascular tissues?
xylem and phloem
What is the xylem for?
port water and minerals
What is the phloem for?
transport organic materials
What is the pith for?
internal of vascular tissue
What is the cortex for?
external of vascular tissue
What is the internal vascular tissue?
pith
What is the external vascular tissue?
cortex
What is the cuticle for?
water resistance and prevent water loss
What is the periderm for?
protection
Sieve plates and sieve tubes can be found where?
phloem
At which cell is mitosis NOT ACTIVE?
sclerenchyma
What is the difference between the parenchyma and the collenchyma?
parenchyma = metabolism, even cell walls ; collenchyma = support, uneven cell walls
What is primary growth?
elongation
What is secondary growth?
widening of width
What are the areas in the root responsible for growth?
area of maturation, area of elongation, area of cell division
What is the difference between the vascular cambium and cork cambium?
vascular cambium = internal, increase diameter of stems and roots; cork cambium = external, produces bark
