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G11 General Biology 1 > Vascular Plants > Flashcards

Vascular Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a type of plant cell that is connected to a sieve tube element by many plasmodesmata and whose nucleus and ribosomes may serve one or more adjacent sieve tube elements?

A

companion cell

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2
Q

What is the waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that prevent water loss?

A

cuticle

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3
Q

What is a rigid, supportive plant cell type usually lacking a protoplast and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity?

A

sclerenchyma cell

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4
Q

What is the point along the stem of a plant at which leaves are attached?

A

node

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5
Q

What is the vascular bundle in a leaf?

A

vein

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6
Q

What is the cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the apical meristem?

A

root cap

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7
Q

What is the relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesis and stores organic products, and develops into a more differentiated cell type?

A

parenchyma cell

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8
Q

What is a type of growth characteristic of most animals and some plant organs, in which growth stops after a certain size is reached?

A

determinate growth

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9
Q

What is transpiration?

A

the evaporative loss of water from a plant

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10
Q

What is the vascular plant organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structures?

A

stem

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11
Q

What is the protective coat that replace the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth, formed of the cork and cork cambium?

A

periderm

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12
Q

What is the type of growth characteristic of plants, in which the organism continues to grow as long as it lives?

A

indeterminate growth

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13
Q

What dye is commonly used for staining?

A

Methylene blue

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14
Q

What is the outermost layer in the vascular cylinder, from which later roots arise?

A

periderm

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15
Q

What is the innermost layer of the cortex that surrounds the vascular cylinder?

A

endodermis

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16
Q

What is the ground tissue between the vascular tissue and dermal tissue in a root or dicot stem?

A

cortex

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17
Q

What is the bud at the tip of a plant stem?

A

apical bud

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18
Q

What is an epidermal cell that is highly specialized, often hairlike outgrowth on a plant shoot?

A

trichome

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19
Q

What organs do vascular plants have?

A

Stem, leaf, root

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20
Q

What tissues do vascular plants have?

A

Ground, dermal, vascular tissue

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21
Q

What is the function of ground tissue?

A

Metabolism + storage

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22
Q

What is the function of dermal tissue?

A

Protection

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23
Q

What is the function of vascular tissue?

A

Transport

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24
Q

What are the cells in vascular tissue?

A

Parenchyma. Sclerenchyma, Collenchyma

25
Q

What cells are found in dermal tissue?

A

Guard cells, cuticle, periderm, epidermis, trichomes*

26
Q

What is the difference between the leaves of monocots and dicots?

A

Monocot = parallel veins; Dicot = Netlike veins

27
Q

What is the difference between the vascular bundle of monocots and dicots? What is the difference in their arrangement?

A

Monocot = cookie; Dicot = Ring

28
Q

What is the difference between the roots of monocots and dicots?

A

Monocot = fibrous; Dicot = has Taproot

29
Q

What is the difference between the flower of monocots and dicots?

A

Monocot = groups of 3; Dicot = 4-5

30
Q

What are the parts of a root?

A

Taproot, lateral root

31
Q

What are root hairs for?

A

Absorption and increased surface area

32
Q

What are the different specialized functions roots have? Give 5 examples.

A

prop root (corn), storage root (Radish, turnip), strangling root (orchids), buttress root (tropical rainforest trees), pneumatophores (mangroves)

33
Q

What is the difference between an apical and axillary bud?

A

Apical = youngest, at shoot tip (pinaka taas); Axillary = at the axil of the lead

34
Q

What are the different specialized functions stems have? Give 3 examples.

A

rhizomes (turmeric), runners (strawberries), tubers (potato)

35
Q

Leaves are primarily responsible for _____.

A

photosynthesis

36
Q

Stems are primarily responsible for _____.

A

support

37
Q

Roots are primarily responsible for _____.

A

absorption and anchorage

38
Q

Why do roots grow first?

A

Because it is essential for growth and anchoring the plant

39
Q

What are the different specialized functions of leaves? Give 4 examples.

A

spines, storage, reproductive, tendrils (pea plant)

40
Q

What is that “hair like” structure in the experiment of the hairy pod?

A

trichomes

41
Q

What are the 2 basic ground tissues?

A

pith and cortex

42
Q

Give 2 examples of dermal tissue besides the epidermis.

A

cuticle, periderm, endodermis, root hair

43
Q

What are the 2 basic vascular tissues?

A

xylem and phloem

44
Q

What is the xylem for?

A

port water and minerals

45
Q

What is the phloem for?

A

transport organic materials

46
Q

What is the pith for?

A

internal of vascular tissue

47
Q

What is the cortex for?

A

external of vascular tissue

48
Q

What is the internal vascular tissue?

A

pith

49
Q

What is the external vascular tissue?

A

cortex

50
Q

What is the cuticle for?

A

water resistance and prevent water loss

51
Q

What is the periderm for?

A

protection

52
Q

Sieve plates and sieve tubes can be found where?

A

phloem

53
Q

At which cell is mitosis NOT ACTIVE?

A

sclerenchyma

54
Q

What is the difference between the parenchyma and the collenchyma?

A

parenchyma = metabolism, even cell walls ; collenchyma = support, uneven cell walls

55
Q

What is primary growth?

A

elongation

56
Q

What is secondary growth?

A

widening of width

57
Q

What are the areas in the root responsible for growth?

A

area of maturation, area of elongation, area of cell division

58
Q

What is the difference between the vascular cambium and cork cambium?

A

vascular cambium = internal, increase diameter of stems and roots; cork cambium = external, produces bark

G11 General Biology 1 (8 decks)

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