Cells Flashcards
The smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life.
cell
A structural polysaccharide of plant cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by b glycosidic linkages.
cellulose
A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists.
cell wall
A structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubule triplets arranged in a “9+0” pattern.
centriole
An adenine containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate
A green pigment located in membranes within the chloroplasts of plants and algae in the membranes of certain prokaryotes.
Chlorophyll
A eukaryotic cell structure consisting of a “9+0” arrangement of microtubule triplets. It may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum and is structurally very similar to a centriole.
Basal Body
A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm and serve a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions.
Cytoskeletal System
The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
cytosol
A nucleic acid molecule, usually a double stranded helix, in which each polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA)
What is the theory that the mitochondria and plastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by a host cell? The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism.
Endosymbiotic Theory
What is the type of cell with a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles?
Eukaryotic cells
The contents of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane; in eukaryotes, the portion exclusive of the nucleus.
cytoplasm
What is the meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by the cells?
Extracellular Matrix
What is the long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion?
flagellum
What is the organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products, notably non-cellulose carbohydrates?
Golgi Body
What is the term for having no affinity for water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water?
hydrophobic
What is the term for having an affinity for water?
Hydrophilic
What is the component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments?
intermediate filaments
A membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm?
Lysosome
What is the organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration; uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP?
mitochondria
What is the organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration; uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP?
mitochondria
What is the type of motor protein that associates into filaments that interact with actin filaments to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP?
Myosin
What is the non-membrane enclosed region in a prokaryotic cells where its chromosome is located?
nucleoid