Biomolecules

Question 1

What are the most common biomolecules at the human body?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)

Question 2

Macromolecules are ________bonded.

Answer 2

Covalently

Question 3

How do you synthesize polymers?

Answer 3

Dehydration

Question 4

How do you break down polymers?

Answer 4

Hydrolysis

Question 5

What are the monosaccharides?

Answer 5

1. Glucose (aldose)
2. Fructose (ketose)
3. Galactose (aldose)

Question 6

What are the 2 sugars that make up lactose?

Answer 6

Glucose + Galactose = lactose

Question 7

Glucose + Glucose = ?

Answer 7

Maltose

Question 8

What sugars make sucrose?

Answer 8

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Question 9

What is the cause of lactose intolerance?

Answer 9

Person doesn’t produce enough lactase

Question 10

Polysaccharides have how many linkages?

Answer 10

10+

Question 11

Explain glycosidic linkage.

Answer 11

This is a linkage that forms when 2 monosaccharides covalently bond.

Question 12

What are the 2 main functions of polysaccharides?

Answer 12

1. Storage
2. Structural

Question 13

How are plants and animals different in storing carbohydrates?

Answer 13

Plants: through STARCH @chloroplast
Animals: through GLYCOGEN @liver & muscle cells

Question 14

Give an example of the usage of chitin.

Answer 14

Surgical threads

Question 15

Lipids can form polymers. T/F?

Answer 15

F

Question 16

What are the different kinds of lipids?

Answer 16

Fats & Oils, Steroids, Phospholipid, Wax

Question 17

What kind of linkage connects the 2 smaller molecules, glycerol and fatty acid, to form fat?

Answer 17

Ester linkage

Question 18

What is the 3 carbon alcohol found in fat?

Answer 18

Glycerol

Question 19

Briefly explain how fats become triglycerides?

Answer 19

Fat -> dehydration -> ester linkage -> triglycerol

Question 20

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Answer 20

Saturated: straight
Unsaturated: bent

Question 21

What caused the bending in unsaturated fats?

Answer 21

It has a double bond. -> bent

Question 22

Where do we typically see unsaturated fats?

Answer 22

Plants

Question 23

Which is healthier, saturated or unsaturated? Why?

Answer 23

Unsaturated decrease cholesterol levels, anti-inflammatory

Question 24

What is a phospholipid?

Answer 24

Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails

Question 25

Can unsaturated fats be made in the body?

Answer 25

No. We get from plants.

Question 26

Give examples of unsaturated fats.

Answer 26

Omega 3 and Omega 6

Question 27

What are steroids?

Answer 27

A lipid. 4 fused RINGS

Question 28

Give an example of steroids.

Answer 28

Cholesterol

Question 29

What are cholesterols for?

Answer 29

Animal cell membrane

Question 30

What are the effects of steroids?

Answer 30

1. Androgenic (masculinizing)
2. Anabolic/Promote Growth

Question 31

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 31

Amino acid

Question 32

What are proteins for?

Answer 32

Structure, storage & transport, communication, movement, enzyme, genetic expression