Biomolecules Flashcards
What are the most common biomolecules at the human body?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)
Macromolecules are ________bonded.
Covalently
How do you synthesize polymers?
Dehydration
How do you break down polymers?
Hydrolysis
What are the monosaccharides?
- Glucose (aldose)
- Fructose (ketose)
- Galactose (aldose)
What are the 2 sugars that make up lactose?
Glucose + Galactose = lactose
Glucose + Glucose = ?
Maltose
What sugars make sucrose?
Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
What is the cause of lactose intolerance?
Person doesn’t produce enough lactase
Polysaccharides have how many linkages?
10+
Explain glycosidic linkage.
This is a linkage that forms when 2 monosaccharides covalently bond.
What are the 2 main functions of polysaccharides?
- Storage
- Structural
How are plants and animals different in storing carbohydrates?
Plants: through STARCH @chloroplast
Animals: through GLYCOGEN @liver & muscle cells
Give an example of the usage of chitin.
Surgical threads
Lipids can form polymers. T/F?
F
What are the different kinds of lipids?
Fats & Oils, Steroids, Phospholipid, Wax
What kind of linkage connects the 2 smaller molecules, glycerol and fatty acid, to form fat?
Ester linkage
What is the 3 carbon alcohol found in fat?
Glycerol
Briefly explain how fats become triglycerides?
Fat -> dehydration -> ester linkage -> triglycerol
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated: straight
Unsaturated: bent
What caused the bending in unsaturated fats?
It has a double bond. -> bent
Where do we typically see unsaturated fats?
Plants
Which is healthier, saturated or unsaturated? Why?
Unsaturated decrease cholesterol levels, anti-inflammatory
What is a phospholipid?
Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails
