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RCIS > Vascular Physiology > Flashcards

Vascular Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Elderly patients typically have____ arterial wall compliance resulting in____.

A

Decreased, increased systolic pressure

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1
Q

The elastic arteries filter and smooth out the pulsatilla pressure within the aorta. This effect is termed

A

Windkessel effect

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2
Q

The definition of vascular compliance is

D = change in

A

D volume/ D pressure

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3
Q

The aorta stores blood during systole and releases it during diastole. This physical compliance is analogous to electrical

A

Capacitance

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4
Q

Systolic arterial blood pressure is inversely proportional to

A

Arterial compliance

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5
Q

Venous capacitance (compliance) is normally ____ times greater than arterial capacitance.

A

20

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6
Q

The normal static circulatory pressure at zero cardiac output is approximately

A

7 to 13mmHg

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7
Q

In a large vessel with fully developed laminar flow the velocity of the central stream is

A

Twice the mean velocity

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8
Q

The velocity of blood touching any arterial wall always equals

A

Zero

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9
Q

Blood flow will change from laminar to turbulent at a Reynolds number

A

Over 2000-3000

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10
Q

The cerebral circulation is a

A

High-flow, low resistance system

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11
Q

How is cerebral blood flow effected by changes in blood pressure?

A

Cerebral perfusion decreases in hypotension. (Mean BP less 75)

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12
Q

What happens to the metabolic rate of the brain with sleep?

A

Brain metabolic rate is unchanged, compared to waking

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13
Q

What mechanism is primarily responsible for returning venous blood to the heart while walking?

A

Skeletal muscle

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14
Q

When a Doppler probe is directed at an arterial stenosis the operator hears a high pitched rushing sound because of

A

Increase of velocity of blood flow at the lesion.

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15
Q

What is the peripheral or systemic vascular resistance formula?

A

SVR = (mean AO-mean RA)/ CO

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16
Q

Blood behaves as a ____ fluid in very small vessels.

A

Non-Newtonian

17
Q

Poiseuille’s law is not applicable in capillaries because the apparent viscosity of blood decreases as blood flow rate and vessel diameter decrease. This is termed

A

Shear thinning

18
Q

Which fluid has the highest viscosity?

A

Polycythemic blood

19
Q

In the Bernoulli equation, what is the relationship between the kinetic and potential energy?

A

Their sum is constant.

1/2mv squared + mgh

20
Q

Bernoulli law law explains why in aortic stenosis the aortic blood flow velocity is ____ and the aortic pressure is _____.

A

Increased, decreased

21
Q

Normally the pulmonary and systemic blood flow circuits are arranged _____ to/with each other. (Unless there is a shunt)

A

In series

22
Q

Two arteries in the kidneys in series are the peritubular and glomerular arteries. They have resistance of 80 units each. If the mean arterial BP is 100 and CVP=0, calculate flow through the kidney.

A

625 cc/min

23
Q

Calculate the equivalent resistance of 2 blood vessels in parallel. Each is 50 resistance units(Ohms) as shown.

A

25 units

24
Q

Calculate the equivalent total resistance of the arteries shown if the combined flow = 3L/min and the pressure drop = 80 mmHg.

A

26.6 Wood or HRU units

25
Q

The hemodynamic effect of increasing a patient’s peripheral vascular resistance is to: (assume constant CO)

A

Increased BP

26
Q

At peak exercise a normal individual’s mean blood pressure may not significantly elevate, even though CO may increase up to 7 times. This regulation of BP on exercise is due to _____ vascular resistance.

A

Decreased systemic

27
Q

Who developed the law:
T=PxR/(2x wall thickness)?
T= wall tension P=pressure R=radius

A

La Place

28
Q

Thin-walled capillaries can withstand high internal pressure without bursting because of their narrow lumen. Who’s law?

A

La Place’s

29
Q

The law of La Place explains why small blood vessels may collapse during circulatory shock. This is because tension within the small vessel wall

A

Increases above what the reduced BP can overcome

30
Q

Leg stockings will increase which variable of the starling fluid movement hypothesis?

A

Pi interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

31
Q

What pathologic condition is likely to occur when the pulmonary capillary pressure is greater than plasma oncotic pressure?

A

Pulmonary edema

32
Q

The key factor restraining fluid loss from a systemic capillary is

A

Osmotic pressure due to plasma proteins

33
Q

If arterial blood flow is stopped for several minutes by pumping up a BP cuff around a limb and then releasing it, the resulting flow exceeds basil flow. This is termed

A

Reactive hyperemia

34
Q

Dilation of arteries may occur due to increased flow through to them. This occurs after liberation of “endothelial derived relaxation factor” that is composed of

A

Nitric oxide

35
Q

Brief exposure of an extremity to extreme cold temperatures results in _____ the vessels in that extremity.

A

Neural mediated vasoconstriction

36
Q

Soldiers standing at attention for long periods often faint because

A

Venous pooling reduces preload and cardiac output

37
Q

An embolus can be best described as any: (remember even air can embolize)

A

Foreign material that travels downstream and plugs up a vessel

38
Q

Elevated blood Angiotensin II and aldosterone levels cause

A

Arteriolar vasoconstriction

39
Q

Angiotensin II liberates aldosterone, which is a ____ causing the kidneys to____ Na.

A

Corticosteroid, retain

40
Q

The chief regulation of blood flow within the lung away from atelectatic areas is local vasoconstriction due to ______ in that atelectatic area.

A

Decreased PO2 tension

41
Q

Active transport of substances across endothelial walls, especially large lipoproteins, is termed

A

Pinocytosis

RCIS (6 decks)

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