Vascular Lung Disorders

Question 0

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 0

Blockage of pulmonary arteries by thrombus, fat, or air emboli, or tumor tissue; most srise from thrombi in the veins of the legs

Question 1

Pulmonary edema

Answer 1

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial space of the lungs; considered life-threatening medical emergency; most common cause is left-sided heart failure

Question 2

Risk factors for pulmonary embolism

Answer 2

Immobility or reduced mobility, surgery within the last three months, history of deep vein thrombosis, and malignancy

Question 3

Common complications of pulmonary embolism

Answer 3

Pulmonary infarction and pulmonary hypertension

Question 4

Diagnosing Pulmonary embolism

Answer 4

Spiral CT scan, V/Q scan, and/or pulmonary angiography

Question 5

Treating pulmonary embolism

Answer 5

Objectives are to Prevent further growth or multiplication of thrombin in the lower extremities, prevent embolization from the upper or lower extremities to the pulmonary vascular system, and cardiopulmonary supportive indicated

Question 6

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer 6

Can occur as a primary disease also known as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension or as a secondary complication of a respiratory, cardiac, autoimmune, hepatic, or connected tissue disorder known as secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension

Question 7

IPAH

Answer 7

Severe and progressive disease; characterized by mean pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 25 at rest or greater than 30 with exercise; it is a diagnosis of exclusion

Question 8

SPAH

Answer 8

Occurs when a primary disease causes chronic increase in pulmonary artery pressure; can develop as a result of parenchymal lung disease, left ventricular dysfunction, intracardiac shunts, pulmonary thromboembolism, or systemic connected tissue disease

Question 9

Cor pulmonale

Answer 9

Enlargement of the right ventricle caused by primary disorder of the respiratory system; pulmonary hypertension is usually a pre-existing condition; most common cause is COPD; management is directed at treating the underlying pulmonary problems that precipitated the heart problem

Question 10

Types of Lung transplantation

Answer 10

Single lung transplant, bilateral lung transplant, heart-lung transplant, transplant of lobes from living related donor

Question 11

Recipients of lung transplant

Answer 11

At high risk for bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal infections; infections are leading cause of death in the early period after the transplant

Question 12

Drugs after lung transplant

Answer 12

Immunosuppressive therapy includes a three drug regimen of cyclosporine or tacrolimus, CellCept, and prednisone