Vascular (lab/lecture) Flashcards
describe Allen’s test
- occlude radial and ulnar arteries
- clench and unclench the patients hand
- release ulnar artery to verify flow
- repeat sequence but release radial artery
- 3-5 seconds is normal
describe jugular venous pulses assessment
- measures the amount of blood draining into the right atrium
- useful measure of over hydration (hypervolemia) or under hydration (hypovolemia)
- ELEVATED jugular venous pressure indicates increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and an INCREASED RISK of death from heart failure
–> can also be due to constrictue pericarditis, tricuspid stenosis, or superior vena vaca obstruction
define the normal jugular venous pulse
- A wave = rebound from right atrial systole
- C wave = expansion of underlying carotid artery
V wave = filling of the right atrium from the systemic veins while the tricuspid valve closes
describe the abnormal results of jugular venous pulse
- Prominent A wave = increased resistance to right atrial contraction (TRICUSPID STENOSIS)
–> also can be due to AV block, pulmonary hypertension etc
- Absent A wave = seen in atrial fibrillation
- Large V wave = tricuspid regurgitation and constrictive pericarditis
describe Homen’s test
- assessment for venous thrombosis
- Flex patients knee slightly with one hand and with the other hand dorsiflex the patients food
- No pain = normal
- calf pain = venous thombosis (not alway accurate)
describe teh assessment for varicose veins
- result from incompetent vessel walls, valves or obstructions of proximal vein
- appear tortuous and dilated
- INSTRUCT patient to stand on toes 10 ties in succession
- abnormal = increased pressure in veins remains longer and retun to pretest state is sluggish
describe trendelenburg test
- assessment for venous incompetence and to locate incompetent valves in saphenous vein
STEPS:
- patient supine, raise leg above hear until veins are emptied
- apply pressure to medial aspect of thigh in order to occlude superficial veins
- have patient stand while maintaing pressure
- observe refilling of veins
- release pressure about 20 seconds after patient stands
- observe leg for refilling time
- Normal = slow refilling time
- abnormal = fast refilling time
define bruit
a harsh or musical intermittent auscultatory sound, especially an abnormal one
define claudication
pain resulting from muscle ischemia presenting with a dull ache, muscle fatigue and cramps.
define embolism
obstruction or occlusion of a vessel by an embolus
define homans sign
pain on passive dorsiflexion of the foot which may be indicative of thrombosis in the lower extremity.
define hum
a nonpathologic venous phenomenon commonly found in children
define hypertension
persisting high arterial blood pressure; generally established guidelines are values exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or exceeding 90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressures
define hypotension
abnormally low arterial blood pressure; generally established guidelines are values less than 90 mm Hg systolic.
define orthopnea
discomfort in breathing that is brought on or aggravated by lying flat
