Vascular (lab/lecture) Flashcards
describe Allen’s test
- occlude radial and ulnar arteries
- clench and unclench the patients hand
- release ulnar artery to verify flow
- repeat sequence but release radial artery
- 3-5 seconds is normal
describe jugular venous pulses assessment
- measures the amount of blood draining into the right atrium
- useful measure of over hydration (hypervolemia) or under hydration (hypovolemia)
- ELEVATED jugular venous pressure indicates increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure, low left ventricular ejection fraction, and an INCREASED RISK of death from heart failure
–> can also be due to constrictue pericarditis, tricuspid stenosis, or superior vena vaca obstruction
define the normal jugular venous pulse
- A wave = rebound from right atrial systole
- C wave = expansion of underlying carotid artery
V wave = filling of the right atrium from the systemic veins while the tricuspid valve closes
describe the abnormal results of jugular venous pulse
- Prominent A wave = increased resistance to right atrial contraction (TRICUSPID STENOSIS)
–> also can be due to AV block, pulmonary hypertension etc
- Absent A wave = seen in atrial fibrillation
- Large V wave = tricuspid regurgitation and constrictive pericarditis
describe Homen’s test
- assessment for venous thrombosis
- Flex patients knee slightly with one hand and with the other hand dorsiflex the patients food
- No pain = normal
- calf pain = venous thombosis (not alway accurate)
describe teh assessment for varicose veins
- result from incompetent vessel walls, valves or obstructions of proximal vein
- appear tortuous and dilated
- INSTRUCT patient to stand on toes 10 ties in succession
- abnormal = increased pressure in veins remains longer and retun to pretest state is sluggish
describe trendelenburg test
- assessment for venous incompetence and to locate incompetent valves in saphenous vein
STEPS:
- patient supine, raise leg above hear until veins are emptied
- apply pressure to medial aspect of thigh in order to occlude superficial veins
- have patient stand while maintaing pressure
- observe refilling of veins
- release pressure about 20 seconds after patient stands
- observe leg for refilling time
- Normal = slow refilling time
- abnormal = fast refilling time
define bruit
a harsh or musical intermittent auscultatory sound, especially an abnormal one
define claudication
pain resulting from muscle ischemia presenting with a dull ache, muscle fatigue and cramps.
define embolism
obstruction or occlusion of a vessel by an embolus
define homans sign
pain on passive dorsiflexion of the foot which may be indicative of thrombosis in the lower extremity.
define hum
a nonpathologic venous phenomenon commonly found in children
define hypertension
persisting high arterial blood pressure; generally established guidelines are values exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or exceeding 90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressures
define hypotension
abnormally low arterial blood pressure; generally established guidelines are values less than 90 mm Hg systolic.
define orthopnea
discomfort in breathing that is brought on or aggravated by lying flat
define peripheral arterial disease
stenosis of the blood supply to the extremities by atherosclerotic plaques.
define phlebitis
Phlebitis: inflammation of a vein.
define preeclampsia
a specific pregnancy syndrome associated with hypertension occurring after the 20th week of pregnancy and the presence of proteinuria.
define raynaud phenomenon
a vascular disorder resulting in exaggerated spasms of the arterioles in response to cold
define regurgitation
backflow of blood due to incompetent valves
define syncope
loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished cerebral blood flow.
define temporal arteritis
inflammatory disease of the aortic arch
define venous thrombosis
blood clot that forms with in a vein
