Lymphatics (lab/lecture) Flashcards
Know the 14 location of lymph nodes
- occipital
- posterior auricular
- preauricular
- tonsilar
- submandibular
- submental
- anterior cervical
- posterior cervical
- supraclavicular
- axillary
- epitrochlear
- superior superficial inguinal (femoral0
- inferior superficial inguinal
- popliteal
What are the 5 surfaces that need to be evaluated for axillary lymph nodes
- apex
- medial aspect along rib cage
- lateral aspect along the upper surface of medial humerus
- anterior wall along the pectoralis major and minor
- posterior wall along the border of scapula
where is the epitrochlear node located
- in the groove between the triceps and biceps muscles
- medial aspect of the arm, just above elbow
what are signs of maligancy in a lymph node
- hard and discrete
- rapid enlargement and no signs of inflammation
- enlarge let sided supraclavicular node = thoracic or abdominal malignancy
what are signs of benign in a lymph node
- slow enlargement over weeks or months
what are signs of inflammation of a lymph node
- tender
- warm
What if a lymph node is pulsatile
- its not a lymph node… its an artery
describe the grading scale of edema
1+ = slightm no visible distortion, disappear rapidly
2+ = little deeper pit, no real detectible distortion, disappears in 10-15 secs
3+ = noticeable deep pit, lasts more than a minute, notiveable dependent swelling or fullness
4+ = very deep pit, lasts 2-5 mins, dependent gross distortion
define aneurysm
- baloon-like swelling of the wall of an artery, vein or heart; generally the result of congenital defect in the wall or degenerative disease or infetion
- disecting aneurysm is longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall from hemorrhage
define ascites
- abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid
define atherosclerosis
-the most common form of arteriosclerosis, deposits in the walls of arteries
define brudzinski sign
an unexplained audible swishing sound or murmur over an artery or vascular organ.
define cellulitis
inflammation of soft or connective tissue that causes a watery exudate to spread through the tissue spaces
define claudication
the condition resulting from muscle ischemia due to decreased arterial blood flow to an area, characterized by intermittent pain and limping.
define edema
excessive accumulation of fluid in the cells, tissues, or serous cavities of the body.
define fluctuant
wavelike motion felt when palpating a node
define kernig’s sign
a sign of meningeal irritation evidenced by reflex contraction and pain in the hamstring muscles, when attempting to extend the leg after flexing the hip.
define lymphadenopathy
enlargement of the lymph nodes, typically to greater than 1.5 cm. The increased size is caused by activation and proliferation of lymphocytes and phagocytic white blood cells within the node or by invasion of the node by tumor.
define lymphagitis
inflammation of the lymphatics that drain an area of infection which is often associated with tender erythematous streaks extending proximally from the infected area.
define lymphangioma
a congenital malformation of dilated lymphatics.
define lymphedema
swelling, particularly of subcutaneous tissues, caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system and accumulation of interstitial fluid
define matted
used to describe a group of nodes that feel connected and appear to move as a single unit
define meningitis
inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain, usually but not always caused by an infections illness.
define nuchal rigidity
resistance to flexion of the neck, seen in individuals with meningitis
define pitting
a form of edema which appears as a indentation or depression that will not rapidly return to its original appearance.
define shotty nodes
small nontender nodes that feel like BBs or bucket shot under the skin
define thrombophlebitis
inflammation of the wall of a vein associated with thrombus formation
define thombosis
the formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel or within one of the cavities of the heart.
define varicose vein
an enlarged, dilated superficial vein. This condition may occur in almost any part of the body but is most common in the lower extremities and the esophagus.
