Lymphatics (lab/lecture)

Question 1

Know the 14 location of lymph nodes

Answer 1

• occipital
• posterior auricular
• preauricular
• tonsilar
• submandibular
• submental
• anterior cervical
• posterior cervical
• supraclavicular
• axillary
• epitrochlear
• superior superficial inguinal (femoral0
• inferior superficial inguinal
• popliteal

Question 2

What are the 5 surfaces that need to be evaluated for axillary lymph nodes

Answer 2

• apex
• medial aspect along rib cage
• lateral aspect along the upper surface of medial humerus
• anterior wall along the pectoralis major and minor
• posterior wall along the border of scapula

Question 3

where is the epitrochlear node located

Answer 3

• in the groove between the triceps and biceps muscles
• medial aspect of the arm, just above elbow

Question 4

what are signs of maligancy in a lymph node

Answer 4

• hard and discrete
• rapid enlargement and no signs of inflammation
• enlarge let sided supraclavicular node = thoracic or abdominal malignancy

Question 5

what are signs of benign in a lymph node

Answer 5

• slow enlargement over weeks or months

Question 6

what are signs of inflammation of a lymph node

Answer 6

• tender
• warm

Question 7

What if a lymph node is pulsatile

Answer 7

• its not a lymph node… its an artery

Question 8

describe the grading scale of edema

Answer 8

1+ = slightm no visible distortion, disappear rapidly

2+ = little deeper pit, no real detectible distortion, disappears in 10-15 secs

3+ = noticeable deep pit, lasts more than a minute, notiveable dependent swelling or fullness

4+ = very deep pit, lasts 2-5 mins, dependent gross distortion

Question 9

define aneurysm

Answer 9

• baloon-like swelling of the wall of an artery, vein or heart; generally the result of congenital defect in the wall or degenerative disease or infetion
• disecting aneurysm is longitudinal splitting of the arterial wall from hemorrhage

Question 10

define ascites

Answer 10

• abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid

Question 11

define atherosclerosis

Answer 11

-the most common form of arteriosclerosis, deposits in the walls of arteries

Question 12

define brudzinski sign

Answer 12

an unexplained audible swishing sound or murmur over an artery or vascular organ.

Question 13

define cellulitis

Answer 13

inflammation of soft or connective tissue that causes a watery exudate to spread through the tissue spaces

Question 14

define claudication

Answer 14

the condition resulting from muscle ischemia due to decreased arterial blood flow to an area, characterized by intermittent pain and limping.

Question 15

define edema

Answer 15

excessive accumulation of fluid in the cells, tissues, or serous cavities of the body.

Question 16

define fluctuant

Answer 16

wavelike motion felt when palpating a node

Question 17

define kernig’s sign

Answer 17

a sign of meningeal irritation evidenced by reflex contraction and pain in the hamstring muscles, when attempting to extend the leg after flexing the hip.

Question 18

define lymphadenopathy

Answer 18

enlargement of the lymph nodes, typically to greater than 1.5 cm. The increased size is caused by activation and proliferation of lymphocytes and phagocytic white blood cells within the node or by invasion of the node by tumor.

Question 19

define lymphagitis

Answer 19

inflammation of the lymphatics that drain an area of infection which is often associated with tender erythematous streaks extending proximally from the infected area.

Question 20

define lymphangioma

Answer 20

a congenital malformation of dilated lymphatics.

Question 21

define lymphedema

Answer 21

swelling, particularly of subcutaneous tissues, caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system and accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 22

define matted

Answer 22

used to describe a group of nodes that feel connected and appear to move as a single unit

Question 23

define meningitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain, usually but not always caused by an infections illness.

Question 24

define nuchal rigidity

Answer 24

resistance to flexion of the neck, seen in individuals with meningitis

Question 25

define pitting

Answer 25

a form of edema which appears as a indentation or depression that will not rapidly return to its original appearance.

Question 26

define shotty nodes

Answer 26

small nontender nodes that feel like BBs or bucket shot under the skin

Question 27

define thrombophlebitis

Answer 27

inflammation of the wall of a vein associated with thrombus formation

Question 28

define thombosis

Answer 28

the formation or presence of a blood clot within a blood vessel or within one of the cavities of the heart.

Question 29

define varicose vein

Answer 29

an enlarged, dilated superficial vein. This condition may occur in almost any part of the body but is most common in the lower extremities and the esophagus.