Vascular intro

Question 1

Heparin

Answer 1

Systemic anticoagulant

Inhibit natural clotting mechanism to prevent clot formation

Question 2

Protamine

Answer 2

Anticoagulant

Reversal agent for heparin

Question 3

Papavarine

Answer 3

Smooth muscle relaxant
Prevent venospasm (or vasospasm)

Question 4

Topical hemostatic agents

Answer 4

Promote clot formation on bleeding surfaces

Gelfoam; Thrombin; Avitene; Surgi-cel; Oxy-cel

Question 5

Contralateral
Claudication
Bolus

Answer 5

Pertaining to the opposite side
Limping (FYI: often due to peripheral artery disease)
a dose of medication given all at once

Question 6

Vasa vasorum
CAD
PVC

Answer 6

blood vessels that supply blood vessel walls
Coronary artery disease
Premature ventricular contraction

Question 7

AAA

ASD

Answer 7

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Atrial-septal defect

Question 8

3 layers of artery/vein walls

Answer 8

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 9

Function of capillaries

Answer 9

Exchange of O2/CO2, wastes, and nutrients

Question 10

3 similarities between arteries and veins

Answer 10

Same blood supply to vessel walls
Called: vasa vasorum
Regulated by autonomic nervous system
Connected by capillaries

Question 11

5 characteristics of arteries

Answer 11

Thicker muscle layer (tunica media)
Thicker-walled over all
More elastic
Maintain round shape when dissected
Pulse is evident

Question 12

5 characteristics of veins

Answer 12

More fragile than arteries
One-way valves
Fewer nerve fibers than arteries
Lay flatter than arteries
Smooth flow rather than pulsatile

Question 13

Arteries

Veins

Answer 13

Flow away from heart

Return blood to heart

Question 14

Pulmonary arteries

Answer 14

Send deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs for oxygenation

Question 15

Pulmonary veins

Answer 15

Carry oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart

Question 16

Aneurysm

Answer 16

bulging or ballooning of arterial wall

Question 17

Treatment option for an aneurysm

Answer 17

Resection and graft or endovascular stent graft insertion

Question 18

Arterial Embolism

Answer 18

obstruction of an artery by debris such as blood clot or plaque
An acute condition

Question 19

Treatment option for an Arterial Embolism

Answer 19

Immediate removal (emergent procedure), heparin therapy
     FYI: Also thrombolytics possible

Question 20

6 P’s of arterial occlusion

Answer 20

Pain
Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Paralysis (not complete usually)
Pallor (paleness)
Poikilothermia (“cold-blooded”)

Question 21

Atherosclerosis

Answer 21

Abnormal condition; hardening; fatty plaque

A chronic condition

Question 22

Treatment option for an Atherosclerosis

Answer 22

Surgical removal; bypass; stenting

Question 23

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 23

Abnormal condition; hardening; artery/arteries

A chronic condition

Question 24

Treatment option for an Arteriosclerosis

Answer 24

Medical only; no cure; manage HTN

Question 25

DVT

Answer 25

Deep vein thrombosis

An acute condition

Question 26

Treatment option for an DVT

Answer 26

Thrombolytics; anticoagulants

Possible vena cava filter or direct removal

Question 27

PE

Answer 27

pulmonary embolism

An acute condition

Question 28

Treatment option for an PE

Answer 28

thrombolytics; anticoagulants

Possible vena cava filter or direct removal

Question 29

CVI

Answer 29

Chronic venous insufficiency

Question 30

Treatment option for an CVI

Answer 30

Medical only; external pressure (Jobst stockings); surgical treatments have limited success

Question 31

varicose veins

Answer 31

Dilated veins caused by incompetent valves in the superficial venous system (usually lower extremities)

Question 32

Treatment option for an varicose veins

Answer 32

Sclerosing drugs

Surgical ligation and stripping (or microphlebectomy)

Question 33

Heparin is measured in

Answer 33

units