Otology

Question 1

Pinna (Auricle)
External auditory canal
Tympanic membrane (skin side)

Answer 1

concentrate sound waves
concentrate sound waves
vibrate with sound waves, conduct sound}

Question 2

Eustachian tube
Malleus, Incus, Stapes
Oval window

Answer 2

equalize pressure
all concentrate and transmit sound waves as vibrations}
is border of middle and inner ear

Question 3

Vestibule
Cochlea
Semicircular canals

Answer 3

contains structures that respond to changes in position of head
conduct sound waves over sensory hairs; transform fluid movement into neural impulses
“motion-sensor” for balance; equilibrium

Question 4

Organ of Corti

Round window

Answer 4

convert motion to neural impulses

energy discharge location; allows fluid to move over hairs}

Question 5

What is the cranial nerve for hearing?

Answer 5

8th cranial nerve; Vestibulocochlear (Acoustic nerve)

Question 6

Vestibulocochlear (Acoustic nerve)

Answer 6

conducts impulses to brain for interpretation}

Question 7

Semi-circular canals in 3 planes:

Answer 7

Bilateral placement
     As body shifts, fluid shifts
Transmits sensory information to brain
     Cerebellum
Motor response to keep balance

Question 8

Nares
Nasal cavity
Columella

Answer 8

Opening of nose to the outside
Internal portion of the nose; a passageway for air
Skin covered structure that separates nares

Question 9

Nasal septum
Mucoperichondrium
Turbinates (AKA: nasal conchae)

Answer 9

Cartilage that separates nasal cavity; consists of nasal cartilage, part of ethmoid, and the vomer
Mucous membrane and perichondrium covering nasal septum; supplies blood to cartilage
Bony projections from the side of the nose covered by mucous membrane
warm and humidify inspired air

Question 10

CHIEF PURPOSE OF THE NOSE IS TO:

Answer 10

Filter, warm, humidify to prepare air for use in lungs

Question 11

List the four paranasal sinuses:

Answer 11

Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

Question 12

Define ostium (meatus)

Answer 12

refer to the sinus opening into nose

Question 13

Oral cavity
Buccal cavity is the area between?
Lingual cavity is the area between?

Answer 13

Space containing mouth and salivary glands
Teeth and cheeks
Teeth and tongue

Question 14

3 paired salivary glands:

Answer 14

Sublingual; Submandibular; Parotid

Question 15

Hard palate - Formed by?

Answer 15

Maxilla and palatine bones

Question 16

List the three parts of the pharynx

Answer 16

Nasopharynx; Oropharynx; and Laryngopharynx

Question 17

Laryngopharynx

Answer 17

connects to esophagus posteriorly and the trachea anteriorly

Question 18

Sellick’s maneuver?

Answer 18

Pressure on cricoid cartilage in RSI; try to prevent stomach contents from entering trachea

Question 19

List three main functions of the larynx:

Answer 19

Swallowing; respiration; vocalization (swallow, breathe, speak)

Question 20

3 portions of the larynx:

Answer 20

Supraglottis; Glottis (level of vocal cords); Subglottis

Question 21

List the three single laryngeal cartilages:

Answer 21

Thyroid; cricoid; epiglottis

Question 22

Function of epiglottis?

Answer 22

Separate air going to lungs and food going to esophagus}

Question 23

Why is the trachea flattened posteriorly?

Answer 23

Incomplete tracheal rings; C-shaped; esophagus is posterior

Question 24

List the two major muscles of the neck

Answer 24

Trapezius; sternocleidomastoid

Question 25

Platysma muscle

Answer 25

Broad, flat, thin neck muscle that is difficult to appreciate at first

Question 26

List the four infrahyoid (AKA: strap) muscles:

Answer 26

Sternothyroid; sternohyoid; thyrohyoid; omohyoid

Question 27

What is the hyoid bone?

Answer 27

The only bone of the throat; horseshoe-shaped; doesn’t articulate with any other bone (the only bone in the body that doesn’t)!
serves as attachment for the tongue