Ophthalmology

Question 1

Bony orbit (aka. eye socket)
Lacrimal apparatus
Eyelids

Answer 1

Houses and protects the eye
Produce tears to maintain moisture, and flush debris and waste from the ocular surface.
Covers and protects the eye from dust particles, foreign bodies, and perspiration; Moistens

Question 2

Conjunctiva
Globe (aka. bulbus oculi)
Cornea

Answer 2

Keeps the anterior surface of the eye moist and lubricated.
Contains contents of eye
It is the eye’s outermost lens. It controls and focuses the light that enters the eye. “Window of the eye”

Question 3

Sclera
Choroid layer
Ciliary body

Answer 3

It is opaque, fibrous, and tough, thus provides protection and form to the eye. Muscle attachments
Provides nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Blood supply
Produces aqueous humor (fluid in the eye). It also serves to anchor the lens in place. Suspensory ligaments (zonules) are for accommodation

Question 4

Iris
Retina
Lens

Answer 4

Controls the diameter and size of the pupil, in other words is controls the amount of light reaching the retina. Regulates lights by pupil size
Receives light, converts it into nerve impulses, and send these impulses to the brain for visual recognition.
Focus light onto retina

Question 5

Vitreous

Optic nerve

Answer 5

Protects and holds the eye’s ‘spherical’ shape.

Transfers visual information from the retina to the brain through electrical signals.

Question 6

List the extraocular muscles (3 pairs) of the eye:

Answer 6

Superior oblique & Inferior oblique
Superior rectus & Inferior rectus
Lateral rectus & Medial rectus

Question 7

What is the limbus?

Answer 7

A circumferential anatomic landmark indicating the place where sclera and cornea

Question 8

Purpose of Irrigating solutions

Answer 8

Cleanse and keep the cornea moist

Question 9

Purpose of Miotics

Answer 9

Constrict the pupils as a result it reduces the IOP. It is used to treat glaucoma

Question 10

Purpose of Mydriatics

Answer 10

Dilate the pupils

Question 11

Purpose of Antibiotics

Answer 11

Used to treat external ocular and post-operative infections

Question 12

Purpose of Anesthetics

Answer 12

Blocks pain sensory

Question 13

Purpose of Anti-inflammatory (steroids)

Answer 13

Decrease ocular and corneal inflammation. Prevents eye from scarring as well as decrease post-operative swelling.

Question 14

Purpose of Enzyme

Answer 14

Increase diffusion of anesthesia

Question 15

Irrigating solutions and lubricants:

Answer 15

Balanced salt solutions (BSS)
A-K rinse
Blinx
Irigate
Lubricants: Lanolin alcohol (Lacri-Lube) or Polyvinyl alcohol (Liquifilm, Lubrifresh)

Question 16

Miotics

Answer 16

Acetylcholine chloride available as Miochol -E

Question 17

Mydriatics

Answer 17

Atropine sulfate (atropisol, Isopto atropine ophthalmic)
Homatropine hydrobromide (isopto Homatropine)
Phenylephrine (Neo-synephrine ophthalmic, A-K dilate)