Vascular Endothelial Cells And Injury

Question 1

What differentiates endothelial cells from sun endothelial cells?

Answer 1

Endothelial cells are non thrombogenic while sub endothelial cells are thrombogenic

Question 2

Outline the basic structure of blood vessels

Answer 2

• THE INTIMA: This is innermost layers and the surface is covered with a single layer of endo thelial cells [the endothelium] which rest on the basement membrane of the sub endothelial microfibriles composed of collagen fibres and some elastin.
THE MEDIA/MIDDLE LAYER: It contains mainly circularly arranged smooth muscle cells & collagen fibers. It is divided from outer adventitia by the external elastic lamina
-THE ADVENTITIA/THE OUTERMOST LAYER.
This is composed of collagen fibres & fibroblast that protect blood vessels and anchor it to the surrounding structures

Question 3

What is it about endothelial cells?

Answer 3

The endothelial cells [ EC] modulates several, frequently opposing aspects of haemostasis.
• EC normaly exhibit antiplatelet, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties. However, after injury/activation, it exhibits procoagulant function.
• The balance EC anti and prothrombotic activities determine whether thrombus formation, prpagation or dissolution occurs.

Question 4

What are the 8 ways endothelial cells resist thrombus

Answer 4

Heparan
TPa
ADP
Thrombin
Thrombomodulin
Protein S
PGI
Nitrous oxide

Question 5

What are the causes of abnormal bleeding?

Answer 5

Vascular disorders
Platelet disorders
Coagulation system disorders

Question 6

List 2 inherited bleeding disorders and discuss the pathogenesis

Answer 6

EDS
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Question 7

What are the diagnostic criteria for HHT?

Answer 7

Epistaxis
Mucocutaneous telengiectasia
Visceral lesions and an affected first degree relative

Question 8

How is person suffering from HHT treated?

Answer 8

There are 5 of them