Local Anesthetics Flashcards
What is general anesthesia?
It a state characterized by unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, skeletal muscle relaxation and loss of reflexes.
General anesthesia is also an irreversible state of CNS depression that results in loss of response to, and perception to external stimuli. T/F
False. It is a reversible state of CNS depression resulting in loss of response to, and perception of external stimuli
Local anesthetics are applied / injected to block nerve conduction of sensory impulses from where to where?
From periphery to CNS
Drugs used as general anesthetics are?
Drugs used as general anesthetics are CNS depressants with actions that can be induced and terminated more rapidly than those of conventional sedative hypnotics.
Do they abolish motor activities?
When?
Yes. They do
And they do that when in higher concentrations
Mechanism of action of local anesthetics
They act by blocking Na+ channels thereby preventing permeability of the nerve membrane to Na which is required for AP to occur
When is local anesthetic induced?
It is induced when propagation of AP is prevented so that sensation cannot be transmitted from the source of the stimulation to the brain
What are the routes of administration for local anesthetics.
P- Peripheral nerve block
R-Ring blocks ( in the digital
Nerves)
I- Infiltration (intradermally, subcutaneously or submucosaly, across the nerve path that supplies the body part requiring anesthesia
N-Neuroaxial
T- Topical
What are anesthetics used for?
Surgeries and other clinical procedures
What are the benefits of anesthetics?
SLASS
S- Suppression of undesirable reflexes
L- lack of awareness and amnesia
A- Analgesia
A-Skeletal muscle relaxation
S-Sedation and reduction of anxiety
What are the factors considered in selecting anesthetia
The nature of surgical /diagnostic procedure
The patients physiological, pharmacological and pathological state ( organ systems, pregnancy, concomitant drug use)
What are the forms of neuroaxial blocks?
Epidural
Spinal
Caudal
In selecting anesthesia, what are the systems to be considered?
Nervous
Respiratory
Cardiovascular
How about the organs considered in anesthesia selection?
Liver and Kidney
What are the categories of anesthestic agents?
