Vascular Disease

Question 1

adrenal tumor –> catecholamines

Answer 1

Pheochromocytoma

Question 2

Adrenal cortex tumor –> corticosteroid

Answer 2

Cushing’s Syndrome

Question 3

Adrenal cortex tumor –> aldosterone

Answer 3

Conn Syndrome

Question 4

–> thyroxin –> inc BMR (inherent vasoconstriction)

Answer 4

Hyperthyroidism

Question 5

Calcific deposits within the media of medium sized arteries without luminal comprimise

Answer 5

Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis

Question 6

• Atherosclerosis –> destruction of intima and media
• Pulsatile mass
• MOST COMMON

Answer 6

Athersclerotic Aneurysm (Abdominal Aortic)

Question 7

• Destroying of the vasa vasorum (or aorta) leads to scarring and loss of elasticity of the vessel wall
• Favors atherosclerosis of aortic root which weakens and leads to valve imcompetence and HF
• Causes a brassy dry cough

Answer 7

Syphilitic Aneurysm

Question 8

• Small, spherical dilations of the cerebral vessels - circle of Willis
• Caused by congenital weak vessel wall, or atherosclerosis with hypertension

Answer 8

Berry Aneurysm

Question 9

• Large MI leads to thinning and silating of the heart wall which pulsates
• May rupture or develop a mural thrombus that may embolize
• Found in LV

Answer 9

Ventricular Aneurysm

Question 10

• Caused by Hypertension or Cystic Medial Degeneration, typified by Marfan Sx
  
  • Fibrilin is mutated, elastic fibers fragmentated and can’t coordinate movements, which weakens the media causing dissection and death
• Blood enters a tear in the intima in the aortic arch and dissects through the media causing intense chest pain
• Rupture throught the adventitia is fatal

Answer 10

Aortic Dissection

Question 11

What does c-ANCA target?

Answer 11

proteinase-3

Question 12

What does p-ANCA target?

Answer 12

myeloperoxidase

Question 13

What is the most important sequellae of Kawaski Disease?

Answer 13

Can develop Arteritis of Coronary arteries

Question 14

Pain in calf during squeezing or dorsiflexion of foot

Answer 14

Homan sign (Thrombophlebitis)

Question 15

Migratory thrombophlebitis with carinomas especially of pancreas and lung due to hypercoagulability

Answer 15

Trousseau sign

Question 16

• Opportunistic bacterial inf. in immunosuppresed pts
• caused by Bartonella genus
• Vascular growths of skin, bone, brain, etc.

Answer 16

Bacillary Angiomatosis (Reactive Growth)

Question 17

• Most common ectasias; known as a birthmark
• Flat lesion of HandN; most regress
• Port Wine Stain
  
  • Form that grows with child without regression; often thickens
  • Occasionally assoc. with Sturge-Weber Sx

Answer 17

Nevus Flammeus

Question 18

What is the most common site of Lymphangioma?

Answer 18

Tongue - vesicular appearance - frog eggs

Question 19

Large lymphangioma in the neck that may obstruct the airway.

Answer 19

Cystic hygroma

Question 20

• Painful tumor from modified SMCs of the glomus body
• Most commonly occurs in the hands

Answer 20

Glomus Tumor (Benign Neoplasms)

Question 21

• Malignant endothelial neoplasm of older adults
• Most often on skin, soft tissue, breast, and liver
• Liver lesions assoct. with carcinogen exposure
• Can aire in setting of lymphedma

Answer 21

Angiosarcoma

Question 22

• Autosomal Dominant
• Vascular malformations (dilated capillaries and veins) present from birth on skin and mucous membranes
• Can casue serious epitaxis; GI bleeding or hematuria

Answer 22

HHT (vascular ectasias)