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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | CNS & PNS > vascular, CN / ophtho and ICU buzz phrases > Flashcards

vascular, CN / ophtho and ICU buzz phrases Flashcards

1
Q

vasogenic edema

A

extracellular edema. Blood brain barrier damage (brain tumor)

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2
Q

cytotoxic edema

A

intracellular edema. associated with cellular membrane damage (ischemia)

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3
Q

plateau waves or lundberg A waves

A

increased intracranial pressure

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4
Q

crescentic hematoma

A

subdural hematoma. rupture of bridging veins

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5
Q

biconvex hematoma

A

epidural hematoma. rupture of the middle meningeal artery

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6
Q

angular acceleration and shear injury

A

diffuse axonal injury

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7
Q

CSF with xanthochromia

A

SAH

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8
Q

neurologic worsening in SAH with unsecured aneurysm

A

suspect rebleeding

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9
Q

neurologic worsening with secured aneurysm, and between 3 and 15 days

A

suspect vasospasm

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10
Q

hydrocephalus and intraventricular hemorrhage

A

consider external ventricular drain if ICP needs to be monitored or treated

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11
Q

pinpoint pupils, apneustic breathing pattern

A

pontine lesion

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12
Q

ataxic breathing pattern

A

medullary lesion

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13
Q

decorticate posture

A

lesion above the red nucleus

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14
Q

decerebrate posture

A

lesion between the red nucleus and the vestibular nucleus

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15
Q

petechial hemorrhages in the brain after trauma with bone fractures

A

consider fat embolism

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16
Q

brain injury and anisocoria

A

consider uncal herniation

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17
Q

state of pathologically reduced consciousness from which the patient can be aroused to purposeful response only with external stimulation

A

stupor

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18
Q

deep sleep cannot be aroused, may grimace or have stereotyped movements but does not localize to the stimulus

A

coma

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19
Q

awake and conscious, but quadriplegic, paralysis of lower cranial nerves and horizontal gaze. preserved vertical gaze and blinking

A

locked in state

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20
Q

previously comatose, but with return of the sleep wake cycles. lack cognitive function

A

unresponsive wakefulness

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21
Q

alteration of consciousness with poor attention and fluctuation

A

delirium

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22
Q

ipsilateral third nerve palsy and contralateral hemiplegia

A

weber’s syndrome (midbrain lesion)

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23
Q

ipsilateral third nerve palsy and contralateral involuntary movements

A

benedikt’s syndrome (lesion in the ventral portion of the mesencephalic tegmentum)

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24
Q

ipsilateral seventh nerve palsy with contralateral ataxia and tremor

A

claude’s syndrome (lesion in the dorsal portion of the mesencephalic tegmentum)

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25
Q

ipsilateral seventh nerve palsy with contralateral hemiplegia

A

millard gubler syndrome (lesion in the pons)

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26
Q

limited upward gaze, convergence retraction nystagmus light-near dissociation, lid retraction, and skew deviation of the eyes

A

parinaud’s syndrome (lesion affecting the quadrigeminal plate)

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27
Q

quadriplegia, inability to speak, limited horizontal gaze, with preserved consciuosness, vertical gaze, and blinking

A

locked in sydrome

28
Q

vertigo, nystagmus, nausea, hiccups, hoarseness, dysphagia, ipsilateral paralysis of the palate and vocal cord, decreased gag reflex, impaired sensation on the ipsilateral hemiface, loss of sensation to pain and temperature in the contralateral hemibody, ipsilateral ataxia and lateropulsion, and ipsilateral horner’s syndrome

A

wallenberg’s syndrome
caused by a lateral medullary infarction associated with posterior inferior cerebellar artery or vertebral artery occlusion

29
Q

ipsilateral hearing loss, vertigo, ipsilateral ataxia, ipsilateral horner’s syndrome, sensory deficit in the ipsilateral hemiface and contralateral hemibody

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarct

30
Q

contralateral hemibody sensory loss with subsequent development of pain, allodynia, and paresthesias. Results from a thalamic lesion

A

dejerine-roussy syndrome

31
Q

finger agnosia, right-left disorientation, agraphia, and aculculia

A

gerstman’s syndrome

32
Q

normal variant with vascular supply to both medial thalami

A

artery of percheron

33
Q

deep branch from ACA that supplies anterior limb of the internal capsule, inferior part of head of caudate nucleus, and anterior part of globus pallidus

A

recurrent artery of Huebner

34
Q

infarct in the posterior circulation from thrombus lodging in the distal basilar. Symptoms: behavioral abnormalities, altered level of consciousness, and abnormalities of ocular motion

A

top of the basilar syndrome

35
Q

thalamus, contralateral hemisensory loss

A

pure sensory lacunar s/o

36
Q

posterior limb of internal capsule, contralateral motor deficits. also described with ventral pons lacunes.

A

pure motor lacunar syndrome

37
Q

paramedian pons, “clumsy hand” and dysarthria

A

clumsy hand dysarthria lacunar syndrome

38
Q

dilated thin walled vessels with no smooth muscle or elastic fibers, and no intervening brain parenchyma.

A

cavernous malformation

39
Q

thin walled venous structure with normal intervening brain tissue

A

venous angioma

40
Q

abnormally dilated capillaries, normal intervening brain tissue

A

capillary telangiectasia

41
Q

nidus, with arteries and veins communicating without an intervening normal capillary bed in between

A

AVM

42
Q

hemorrhage in the putamed, caudate, thalamus, pons, cerebellum, and deep white matter. Associated iwth lipohyalinosis and charcot-bouchard microaneurysms

A

hypertensive ICH

43
Q

lobar hemorrhages on MRI gradient echo. congo red positive amyloid material, seen as apple green birefringence with polarized light

A

cerebral amyloid angiopathy

44
Q

central nystagmus

A

nonfatiguing, absent latency, not suppressed by visual fixation, duration of nystagmus greater than 1 minute, any direction, but purely torsional or vertical direction is classically central. (pure torsional BPPV can mimic)

45
Q

central vertigo

A

subjectively less severe vertigo than peripheral, more prominent gait impairment, other neurologic signs coexist, absent hearing changes and tinnitus

46
Q

peripheral nystagmus

A

fatiguable, latency present, suppresion by visual fixation duration of nystagmus is less than 1 minute, direction is unidirectional and usually horizontal with a torsional component.

47
Q

peripheral vertigo

A

subjectively more severe, walking typically preserved, hearing changes and tinnitus common

48
Q

taste anterior two thirds of tongue

A

facial nerve

49
Q

tactile sensation anterior two thirds of tongue

A

trigeminal nerve

50
Q

taste posterior one third of tongue

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

51
Q

parasympathetic source to head and neck

A

superior salivatory nucleus

52
Q

motor nuclei to pharanyngeal and laryngeal muscles

A

nucleus ambiguus

53
Q

provides innervation to the parotid gland by glossopharyngeal nerve

A

inferior salivatory nucleus

54
Q

nuclei for taste sensation

A

rostral nucleus solitarius

55
Q

nuclei for baroreceptor reflex

A

caudal nucleus solitarius

56
Q

nuclei for parasympathetic output to chest, thorax, and GI tract

A

dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

57
Q

corneal reflex

A

afferent: trigeminal nerve, efferent: facial nerve

58
Q

gag reflex

A

afferent: glossopharyngeal nerve, efferent: vagus nerve

59
Q

pupil sparing third nerve palsy

A

diabetic pupil/diabetic cranial nerve palsy

60
Q

ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis - (location along carotid)

A

Horner’s syndrome - proximal to carotid bifurcation

61
Q

fourth nerve palsy (compensatory action)

A

contralateral head tilt

62
Q

argyll robertson pupil

A

neurosyphillis, accomodation reflex present, pupillary reflex absent

63
Q

marcus gunn pupil

A

afferent pupillary defect, no response to firect light, but response to consensual light in contralateral eye present

64
Q

down and out pupil

A

third nerve palsy

65
Q

hydroxyamphetamine 1% eye drops - response: Horner’s pupil dilates

A

horner’s pupil dilates

first or second order neuron lesion

66
Q

hydroxyamphetamine 1% eye drops - response: horner’s pupil does not dilate

A

third order neuron Horner’s pupil

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY | CNS & PNS (8 decks)

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