SOUAYAH NEUROLOGY CH 1 Flashcards
The long thoracic nerve innervates the
serratus anterior
Which of the following pathways is used for proprioception of the hindlimb but not for vibration of the hindlimb?
a) dorsal spinocerebellar tract
b) spinocervical tract
c) ventral spinocerebellar tract
d) lateral spinothalamic tract
e) rubrospinal tract
a) dorsal spinocerebellar tract
vibration sensation in forelimbs and hindlimbs transmits its impulses via the dorsal columns and the spinocervical thalamic tract.
Proprioceptive sensations from the forelimbs utilize the dorsal column, while those from the hindlimbs travel with the gracile tract to the level of the dorsal nucleus of Clarke.
- from there they travel with the dorsal spinocerebellar fibers to terminate on the nucleus of Z (small collection of cells in the most rostral part of the nucleus gracilis of the medulla.
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the first 30 degrees of abduction of the upper arm from the trunk is performed by the _______ muscle, which is innervated by the ________ nerve.
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supraspinatus muscle
suprascapular nerve
(not the axillary nerve)
the musculocutaneous nerve arises from the ____ cord of the brachial plexus, and carries fibers from the roots of _____________.
lateral cord
C5,C6,C7
the musculocutaneous nerve supplies both the ________ and ___________ muscles.
biceps and brachialis
the _________ nerve innervates the skin from the elbow to the wrist and covers the entire forearm from the dorsal to the ventral midline.
lateral cutaneous nerve
the _______ muscle is a forearm supinator, especially if the elbow is flexed at 90 degrees.
biceps
what is the most common site of compression of the radial nerve?
spiral groove in the posterior aspect of the humerus
the radial nerve arises from the _______ cord of the brachial plexus, and comprises fibers of roots _________ .
posterior cord
C5-C8
the dorsal scapular nerve is a pure _____ (motor/sensory) nerve. It supplies the _________ muscles and carries fibers of roots _________.
pure motor
rhomboid muscles
roots: C4 and C5
The rhomboids function to: _____ and ______ the medial border of the scapula, antagonizing the __________ _________ muscle.
elevate and adduct the medial border of the scapula.
antagonizing the serratus anterior.
to differentiate between a lesion of the upper brachial plexus and one of the lateral cord, the most useful muscle to test is the:
a. teres minor
b. biceps
c. pronator teres
d. flexor carpi radialis
e. abductor pollicis brevis
a. teres minor
The teres minor muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve, which originates from the posterior cord and does not carry any contribution from the lateral cord.
the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, and abductor pollicis brevis are innervated by the ______ nerve.
median nerve
the upper trunk of the brachial plexus is formed by the anterior primary rami of the _____ and ______ cervical roots.
C5 C6
the anterior divisions of the upper and middle trunks of the brachial plexus unite to form the ______ cord.
lateral cord
to differentiate between a lesion of the lower trunk and one of the medial cord, the most useful muscle to tests is the:
a. flexor pollicis longus
b. abductor pollicis brevis
c. abductor digiti minimi
d. extensor indicis proprius
e. first dorsal interosseous
d. extensor indicis proprius
muscles innervated by the C8 radial nerve receive their innervation via the lower plexus, posterior division of the lower trunk and posterior cord without any contribution from the medial cord.
to differentiate between lesions of the middle trunk and those of the posterior cord, the most useful muscle to test is the:
a. triceps
b. pronator teres
c. anconeus
d. extensor digitorum communis
e. extensor indicis proprius
b. pronator teres
the pronator teres is innervated by the C6-C7 median nerve. The lateral cord, provides innervations to the pronator teres without any contribution from the posterior cord.
the sciatic nerve is a mixed nerve that carries fibers from ____ to ___ .
L4 - S3
the sciatic nerve fibers in the gluteal region are arranged into the medial and lateral trunks. At the proximal popliteal fossa, it divides into the _____ nerve medially, and the _________ nerve laterally. The medial part of the nerve innervates the _________ muscle and the _______ muscles.
tibial nerve medially, peroneal nerve laterally.
adductor magnus and hamstring muscles.
the short head of the biceps femoris is the only thigh muscle supplied by the lateral peroneal division.
In Guyon’s canal, the hamate and pisiform bones are sites of compression of the ______ nerve at the wrist.
ulnar nerve
the point of entrapment of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome lies under the _____________, which forms the roof of the carpal tunnel.
flexor retinaculum
Rarely, radial nerve compression occurs at the level of the ________ process, just _______ [proximal/distal] to the wrist.
styloid, proximal to the wrist
The sartorius muscle is a ________ [ flexor/extensor] and ________ [inverter/everter] of the thigh, that is supplied by the _________ nerve.
flexor and everter of the thigh
femoral nerve.
the ________ nerve supplies the adductors of the thigh.
obturator nerve
The __________________ nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus. The ___________ nerve innervates the gluteus maximus.
superior gluteal nerve.
inferior gluteal nerve.
