Vascular Buzz Words Flashcards
Temporal (Giant Cell) Arteritis
Granulomatous vasculitis
Main artery involved in Temporal Arteritis
branches of carotid
main complication you are worried about with Temporal Arteritis
blindness (ophthalmic artery)
What is elevated w/ Temporal Arteritis
ESR > 100
Tx for Temp Art, and complication trying to avoid
corticosteroids, avoid blindness
Dx of temporal arteritis needs what
biopsy of long segment of vessel
Takayasu arteritis - classic epidemiology
young Asian females
presentation of Takayasu arteritis
visual and neurologic symptoms
pulses weak or absent in upper extremity
Takayasu
tx of Takayasu
corticosteroids
Polyarteritis Nodosa
necrotizing vasculitis (fibrinoid)
polyarteritis nodosa - organ pattern
multiple; lungs are spared
HBsAg
lab finding with polyarteritis nodosa
‘string-of-pearls’ - b/c of healing of lesions by fibrosis
polyarterosis nodosa
Asian children, 4y or younger, erythematous rash of palms and soles
Kawasaki
Kawasaki artery involvement
coronary - thrombosis, MI, aneurysm if rupture
tx of Kawasaki ***
aspirin and IVIG
what do you never give a child with viral illness
aspirin
Buerger Disease
smoking
ulceration, gangrene, autoamputation of fingers and toes
Buerger Disease
Raynaud phenomenon
Buerger disease
Wegener Granulomatosis - sites of vasculitis
nasopharynx, lungs, and kidneys
mid-age male, sinusitis or nasopharyngeal ulceration, hemoptysis, hematuria
Wegner Granulomatosis
c-ANCA
Wegener; elevated serum levels
Tx of Wegener
cyclophosphamide
Microscopic Polyangiitis - organs involved
multiple, mostly lung kidney
Microscopic Polyangiitis - differentiate from Wegener
no nasopharyngeal involvement, no granulomas
p-ANCA
Microscopic Polyangiitis - serum levels –>
Churg-Strauss syndrome - organs
necrotizing granulomatous - lungs, heart
p-ANCA (other on your differential)
Churg Strauss Syndrome - serum levels
Churg Strauss - how to differentiate from Microscopic Polyangitis
Churg Strauss
- granulomas
- asthma
- peripheral eosinophilia
PALPABLE - this is key, on butt and legs
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
IgA immune complex deposition
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura - cause of vascultitis
HTN
> 140/90
Primary HTN - risk factors
increased in AfricanAmericans, decreased in Asians, obesity, high salt diet
Scondary HTN - cause
renal artery stenosis
renal artery stenosis, - JGA responds by secreting renin, which converts Angitotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is converted into angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) –> what are the effects of angiotensin II
Raise blood pressure
1) contracting arteriolar SM, increasing total peripheral resistance
2) promote adrenal release of aldosterone, which increases resorption of sodium in DCT –> in total blood vol
Malignant HTN
> 180/120
end organ damage – acute renal failure, HA, papilledema
Malignant HTN presentation
Atherosclerosis - 4 main vessels
abdominal aorta, coronary artery, popliteal artery, internal carotid
cholesterol crystals
atherosclerotic emboli, usually due to plaque rupture
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis - causes
1) benign HTN
2) diabetes
[this is very high yield]
will result in chronic renal failure
onion skin appearance of artery
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
calcification of media of muscular arteries
Monckeberg Medial Calcific Sclerosis
complication of aortic dissection
pericardial tamponade
where does aortic dissection occur
proximal 10 cm of aorta, preexisting weakness of media
tertiary syphilis
thoracic aneurysm
complication of thoracic aneurysm
aortic valve insufficiency
pulsatile abdominal mass that grows with time
abdominal aortic aneurysm
hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass, flank pain
rupture of AAA
Hemangioma
benign, blood vessels, skin and liver
Angiosarcoma
malignant proliferation of endothelial cells, very aggressive
exposure to polyvinyl chloride
liver angiosarcoma
purple patches, plaques, nodules on the skin
Kaposi Sarcoma
HHV-8
kaposi sarcoma
Older Eastern European males, AIDS, transplant recipients
Kaposi Sarcoma
