Nichols Arrhthymias Flashcards
Most common cause of V-Tach in adults?
Ischemic heart disease
Mechanism of arrhythima most commonly seen in CAD induced arrhythmias?
Reentry around the edge of a scar in the left ventricle
Type of channelopathy causing early after-depolarization?
Long QT syndrome
Chamber of the heart affected by Long QT?
Left Ventricle
Chamber of the heart affected by Brugada Syndrome?
Right Ventricle
Chamber of the heart affected by Catecholaminergic Polymorphic V-tach?
Left Ventricle
Mechanism of catecholaminergic polymorphic v-tach?
Delayed after-depolarization (phase 4)
Mechanism of Long QT syndrome?
Early after-depolarization (phase 2)
Electrolyte abrnomalities causing Long QT?
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia
Clinical presentations of Long QT?
syncope, sudden cardiac death
Prototypical polymorphic v-tach seen with congenital long QT?
Torsades de Pointe
Treatment AFTER resuscitating someone that experiences a ventricular arrhythmia
surgery to insert an ICD
What channel does Brugada Syndrome affect?
Sodium channels
Epidemiology of Brugada Syndrome?
young Asian males, usually presents in 40s
EKG features of Brugada Syndrome?
Persisently elevated ST segments (>2mm) in leads V1-V3; abnormal EKG at REST
Mechanism of Brugada Syndrome?
Half ass sodium channel response fails to produce a full action potential and causes a localized conduction block in the RIGHT VENTRICLE–> predispose to phase 2 reentry V-Tach
Epidemiology of catecholaminergic polymorphic v-Tach?
presents at the average age of 8 with syncope or sudden cardiac death during emotional duress or physical stress
Mutation in catecholaminergic polymorphic v-tach?
Ryanodine receptor mutation–> excessive cytosolic calcium–> polymorphic v-tach with high levels of catecholamines (exercise/emotional distress)
Cardiomyopathy(ies) associated with impaired compliance?and diastolic function?
Hypertrophic and Restrictive
Cardiomyopathy(ies) associated with impaired contractility and systolic function?
Dilated
2 most common causes associated with idiopathic cardiomyopathy?
Alcoholism and viral myocarditis
Mutation seen in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
mutation in desmosomal proteins–> reentrant v-tach in the RIGHT VENTRICLE
Structural changes seen in the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
fatty replacement of myoctyes, frequently with lymphocytic infiltration, later fibrosis
EKG manifestations of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
Epsilon waves (notch in terminal portion of the QRS) that are most prominent in V1
Epidemiology of arrhythomogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy?
Italian/Medditernean descent, 20s-30s
